Alaska, which forgoes an individual income tax and a state-level sales tax, ranks well on the Index due to the absence of major taxes, but has room to reform the taxes it does impose. Cities and boroughs can impose their own sales taxes, resulting in a lack of base uniformity, though local governments have agreed to adopt a uniform code with central administration for remote sellers, lessening compliance burdens.
The state’s corporate income tax has a 20 percent net CFC-tested income (NCTI) inclusion, making it a national outlier. Alaska also imposes a throwback rule, exposing some out-of-state activity of Alaska-based corporations to the state’s corporate taxes, and it only partially conforms to federal depletion allowances. Property taxes are somewhat high, and the state taxes some inventory, but with no individual income tax, state sales tax, capital stock tax, or inheritance or estate tax, Alaska keeps taxes low for most residents and for some businesses, particularly those not subject to production taxes (e.g., oil and natural gas).
Cigarette smuggling is costly for states. We estimate that the forgone revenue from smuggled cigarettes totaled more than $4.6 billion in 2024. California lost nearly $1.4 billion in cigarette excise tax collections, and New York missed out on more than $1.2 billion.
Imposing sales taxes on rental car companies’ fleet purchases, in addition to the sales and rental car excise taxes levied when those cars are rented, yields double taxation and causes harmful tax pyramiding.
In addition to the federal estate tax, which has a top marginal rate of 40 percent, 12 states and the District of Columbia impose estate taxes, while five states levy inheritance taxes.