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State Tax Maps

Providing journalists, taxpayers and policymakers with basic data on taxes and spending is a cornerstone of the Tax Foundation’s educational mission. We’ve found that one of the best, most engaging ways to do that is by visualizing tax data in the form of maps.

How does your state collect revenue? Every week, we release a new tax map that illustrates one important measure of state tax rates, collections, burdens and more. If you enjoy our weekly tax maps, help us continue this work and more by making a small contribution here.

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Gross Receipts Taxes 2021 State Gross Receipts Tax Rates Which States Have a Gross Receipts Tax What States Charge Gross Receipts Tax Texas Gross Receipts Tax

Gross Receipts Taxes by State, 2021

Moving away from state gross receipts taxes would represent a pro-growth change to make the tax code friendlier to businesses and consumers alike, which is especially necessary in the wake of the coronavirus pandemic.

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2021 combined federal and state corporate income tax rates. 2021 federal and state corporate tax rates. combined corporate income tax ratesDo corporations pay state and federal taxes?

Combined State and Federal Corporate Income Tax Rates in 2021

The state with the highest combined corporate income tax rate is New Jersey, with a combined rate of 30.1 percent. Corporations in Alaska, California, Illinois, Iowa, Maine, Minnesota, and Pennsylvania face combined corporate income tax rates at or above 28 percent.

2 min read
2021 state estate tax, 2021 state inheritance tax, states with estate tax, states with inheritance tax, which states have an estate tax? Which states have an inheritance tax? Which states do not have an estate or inheritance tax?

Does Your State Have an Estate or Inheritance Tax?

In addition to the federal estate tax, with a top rate of 40 percent, some states levy an additional estate or inheritance tax. Twelve states and Washington, D.C. impose estate taxes and six impose inheritance taxes. Maryland is the only state to impose both. Most states have been moving away from estate or inheritance taxes or have raised their exemption levels, as estate taxes without the federal exemption hurt a state’s competitiveness.

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PPP state tax PPP loan forgiveness. State tax treatment of PPP loans. States tax forgiven PPP loans August 23 2021

Which States Are Taxing Forgiven PPP Loans?

Congress chose to exempt forgiven Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) loans from federal income taxation. Many states, however, remain on track to tax them by either treating forgiven loans as taxable income, denying the deduction for expenses paid for using forgiven loans, or both.

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2021 state income tax rates. 2021 state individual income tax rates. States with no income tax. 2021 top state marginal individual income tax rates

State Individual Income Tax Rates and Brackets, 2021

Individual income taxes are a major source of state government revenue, accounting for 37 percent of state tax collections in fiscal year (FY) 2017. Several states had notable individual income tax changes in 2020: Arizona, Arkansas, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, North Carolina, Ohio, Tennessee, Virginia, and Wisconsin.

22 min read
State tax reliance, State income tax reliance. How much do states rely on income taxes? To what extent does your state rely on individual income taxes in 2021?

To What Extent Does Your State Rely on Individual Income Taxes?

Sources of state revenue have come under closer scrutiny in light of the impact of the coronavirus pandemic, as different tax types have differing volatility and economic impact—although even beyond these unique circumstances, it is important for policymakers to understand the trade-offs associated with different sources of tax revenue.

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2021 state corporate income tax rates and brackets. 2021 state corporate tax rates. What are the state corporate tax rates for 2021? Which state has the lowest corporate tax rate? Lowest state corporate tax rate

State Corporate Income Tax Rates and Brackets, 2021

North Carolina’s 2.5 percent corporate tax rate is the lowest in the country, followed by Missouri (4 percent) and North Dakota (4.31 percent). Seven other states impose top rates at or below 5 percent: Florida (4.458 percent), Colorado (4.55 percent), Arizona (4.9 percent), Utah (4.95 percent), and Kentucky, Mississippi, and South Carolina (5 percent).

7 min read
State sales tax reliance. How much does your state rely on sales taxes. Sales tax collections as a percent of total state and local tax collections. What percentage of state revenue comes from sales tax. States with no sales tax.

To What Extent Does Your State Rely on Sales Taxes?

Consumption taxes (like sales taxes) are more economically neutral than taxes on capital and income because they target only current consumption. Consumption taxes are generally more stable than income taxes in economic downturns as well.

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How much does your state rely on property taxes? Compare 2021 state property taxes and 2021 property taxes by state. State property tax reliance map. Revenue through property taxes

To What Extent Does Your State Rely on Property Taxes?

New Hampshire and Alaska rely most heavily on property taxes. Neither have individual income taxes, and in New Hampshire, significant government authority often vested in state government is devolved to the local level, where services are overwhelmingly funded by property taxes.

4 min read
Where did Americans move in 2020? 2020 state migration data, 2020 moving study, state-by-state migration trends, state migration trends, state migration data

Where Did Americans Move in 2020?

States compete with each other in a variety of ways, including in attracting (and retaining) residents. Sustained periods of inbound migration lead to (and reflect) greater economic output and growth. Prolonged periods of net outbound migration, however, can strain state coffers, contributing to revenue declines as economic activity and tax revenue follow individuals out of state.

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2021 sales taxes, 2021 state and local sales tax rates. 2021 state sales tax rates, 2021 sales tax rates. sales tax rates by state, sales taxes by state

State and Local Sales Tax Rates, 2021

While many factors influence business location and investment decisions, sales taxes are something within lawmakers’ control that can have immediate impacts.

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Ranking state sales tax codes on the 2021 State Business Tax Climate Index. Best and worst sales tax codes in the United States, best and worst state sales tax codes in the U.S.

Ranking Sales Taxes on the 2021 State Business Tax Climate Index

An ideal sales tax applies to a broad base of final consumer goods and services, with few exemptions, and is levied at a low rate. Broad-based, low-rate tax structures minimize tax-induced economic distortions that can occur when people change their purchasing behavior because of tax differences.

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Cigarette Taxes and Cigarette Smuggling by State, 2018

Excessive tax rates on cigarettes in some states induce substantial black and gray market movement of tobacco products into high-tax states from low-tax states or foreign sources. New York has the highest inbound smuggling activity, with an estimated 53.2 percent of cigarettes consumed in the state deriving from smuggled sources.

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Ranking state corporate tax codes on the 2021 State Business Tax Climate Index. Best and worst corporate tax codes in the United States, best and worst state corporate tax codes in the U.S.

Ranking Corporate Income Taxes on the 2021 State Business Tax Climate Index

The corporate tax component of our Index measures each state’s principal tax on business activities. Most states levy a corporate income tax on a company’s profits (receipts minus most business expenses, including compensation and the cost of goods sold), while some states levy gross receipts taxes, which allow few or no deductions for a company’s expenses.

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