![2019 State Individual Income Tax Rates and Brackets](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/PIT-2019-FINAL.F-01-300x246.png)
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![2019 State Individual Income Tax Rates and Brackets](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/PIT-2019-FINAL.F-01-300x246.png)
![The U.S. now has fewer corporations and more individually owned businesses, increasing individual income tax rates](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Paf-increasing-featured-01-300x287.png)
Increasing Individual Income Tax Rates Would Impact a Majority of U.S. Businesses
Since most U.S. businesses are pass-through businesses, such as partnerships, S corporations, LLCs, and sole proprietorships, changes to the individual income tax, especially to top marginal rates, can affect a business’s incentives to invest, hire, and produce.
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![Americans zero income tax liability percentage of nonpayers has increased over time, progressive tax code.](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/paf-5-featurd-01-300x287.png)
A Growing Percentage of Americans Have Zero Income Tax Liability
From 1986 to 2016, the top 1 percent’s share of income taxes rose from 25.8 percent to 37.3 percent, while the bottom 90 percent’s share fell from 45.3 percent to 30.5 percent.
3 min read![Utah sales tax proposal, UT sales tax Utah tax reform](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Utah-1-crop-e1552505082107-300x193.jpg)
![federal tax rates vary by income and source, individual income tax, corporate income tax, payroll tax, excise tax](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/paf-4-featured-01-300x287.png)
How Do Transfers and Progressive Taxes Affect the Distribution of Income?
Federal tax rates vary by income group and tax source. The federal tax system redistributes income from high- and low-income taxpayers.
3 min read![Hollywood income tax avoidance, high marignal tax rates, Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Hollywood-4-300x200.jpg)
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![Wyden 199a pass-through deduction proposal Democrats proposed to expand child tax credit as part of covid relief package. Analysis of the “SALT Act” state and local tax deduction cap, Restoring Tax Fairness to States and Localities Act, SALT cap repeal, eliminate SALT cap](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/capitol-building-555-e1552315873755-300x199.jpeg)
Analysis of the “SALT Act”
Lawmakers recently introduced a bill to repeal the $10,000 cap on the state and local deduction (SALT) and raise the top tax rate on ordinary income from 37 percent to 39.6 percent.
4 min read![New Mexico Tax Increase Package Advances, Governor Grisham](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/New-Mexico-balloon-festival-enhance-e1551973734942-300x200.jpg)
New Mexico Tax Increase Package Advances
7 min read![Arkansas’s Rate Reduction Acceleration](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Arkansas-tax-reform-2019-color-300x223.png)
Arkansas Chips Away at Tax Reform
3 min read![Analysis of the Cost-of-Living Refund Act of 2019 Sherrod Brown Ro Khanna EITC expansion low-income tax credit](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/work-investment-job-economic-impact-300x200.jpg)
Analysis of the Cost-of-Living Refund Act of 2019
We estimate that a new proposal to expand the EITC would reduce federal revenue by $1.8 trillion and decrease long-run GDP by 0.29 percent, while boosting labor force participation for low-income tax filers by 822,788 full-time equivalent jobs.
10 min read![marginal tax rates, taxes on the rich. top 1 percent tax rates, effective tax rate](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/money-dollar-21-300x159.jpg)
The Top 1 Percent’s Tax Rates Over Time
In the 1950s, when the top marginal income tax rate reached 92 percent, the top 1 percent of taxpayers paid an effective rate of only 16.9 percent. As top marginal rates have fallen, the tax burden on the rich has risen.
4 min read![To Remedy Tax Compliance Problems, Gig Economy Firms Need Policy Certainty, gig work, tax reporting](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/tax-TCJA-simplified-1040-tax-filing-e1551466914616-300x200.jpg)
![Income and payroll taxes make up a growing share of federal revenue, income tax, payroll tax, corporate tax, tax revenue, federal revenue](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/PAF-Chart-4-300x228.png)
The Composition of Federal Revenue Has Changed Over Time
The federal income tax and federal payroll tax make up a growing share of federal revenue. Individual income taxes have become a central pillar of the federal revenue system, now comprising nearly half of all revenue.
2 min read![North Carolina franchise tax, North Carolina capital stock tax](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/north-carolina-300x180.jpg)
![Universal savings accounts, personal savings](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/tax-filing-calculator-work-business-e1554136844175-300x200.jpeg)
The Case for Universal Savings Accounts
21 min read![Governor Evers Vetoes Wisconsin Standard Deduction Tax Relief Bill, Gov Evers, Wisconsin tax relief bill](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/madison-wisconsin-CROP-300x254.jpg)
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