Oklahoma Passes Corporate and Individual Income Tax Reductions

Last Friday, Oklahoma Governor Kevin Stitt (R) signed House Bills 2960, 2962, and 2963 into law as part of a budget agreement, bringing the legislature’s taxA tax is a mandatory payment or charge collected by local, state, and national governments from individuals or businesses to cover the costs of general government services, goods, and activities. plans across the finish line. These bills will reduce the state’s corporate and individual income taxAn individual income tax (or personal income tax) is levied on the wages, salaries, investments, or other forms of income an individual or household earns. The U.S. imposes a progressive income tax where rates increase with income. The Federal Income Tax was established in 1913 with the ratification of the 16th Amendment. Though barely 100 years old, individual income taxes are the largest source of tax revenue in the U.S. rates beginning in tax year 2022.

House Bill 2960 reduces the corporate income taxA corporate income tax (CIT) is levied by federal and state governments on business profits. Many companies are not subject to the CIT because they are taxed as pass-through businesses, with income reportable under the individual income tax. from 6 percent to 4 percent. Among states with a typical corporate income tax, Oklahoma will now be tied with Missouri for the second lowest rate in the nation—beat only by North Carolina’s 2.5 percent. (Lawmakers in North Carolina are currently considering a proposal to phase out the state’s corporate income tax altogether.) House Bill 2963 applies these new rates to pass-through businessA pass-through business is a sole proprietorship, partnership, or S corporation that is not subject to the corporate income tax; instead, this business reports its income on the individual income tax returns of the owners and is taxed at individual income tax rates. es.

House Bill 2962 addresses the individual income tax, reducing rates by 0.25 percentage points across the board. Accordingly, the top rate—currently 5 percent—would decline to 4.75 percent, the sixth lowest of states that levy an income tax.

These rates will make a difference for the state’s tax competitiveness. Together, the two income tax changes will improve Oklahoma’s overall score on our State Business Tax Climate Index—a comparison of state tax structures—from 30^th to 25^th. However, there are more elements at play that keep the state from ranking even better. The state has a capital stock tax, which is levied on businesses regardless of their ability to pay, and a throwback rule which can yield double taxationDouble taxation is when taxes are paid twice on the same dollar of income, regardless of whether that’s corporate or individual income. of corporate income in certain cases. Even though these problems remain, the rate reductions represent a positive change for the state.

All tax cuts come with a price, but Oklahoma seems more than able to pay. Despite initial concerns about the effect of the pandemic on state funds, Oklahoma, as with many other states, is actually seeing a surplus that helped loosen the budget for fiscal year 2022. Although the majority of the increase consisted of one-time funds, the state still saw an increase of $552 million in recurring revenue.

Once implemented, the corporate and individual tax changes will cost the state $110 million and $170 million a year in forgone revenue respectively. The cost of the corporate rate cut is smaller despite a larger rate reduction, as the corporate income tax generates far less revenue than the individual income tax. In fact, corporate income taxes accounted for only 2.7 percent of Oklahoma tax collections in fiscal year 2019.

This tax package differs from a previous plan that would have slowly phased out corporate income tax liability through a series of exemption increases. Those reductions would not have changed the tax rates, in an effort to make it easier to reinstate the tax in the future if circumstances warranted, since supermajorities are required to raise rates, but not to eliminate exemptions. The legislation that ultimately passed involved a single rate reduction rather than a series of phaseouts but implements it through permanent rate relief, not an exemption that might be missed by some businesses and site selectors only paying attention to top rates on their initial pass.

Oklahoma still has room to improve its tax structure, but these rate reductions, paid for out of economic growth, are a good start, making the state more attractive to new residents and businesses at a time when mobility is at all-time highs.

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