![Recent corporate tax trends in Europe 2018-2021 Recent Changes in Corporate Income Tax Rates in Europe, 2018-2021](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Recent-corporate-tax-trends-in-Europe-2018-2021-Recent-Changes-in-Corporate-Income-Tax-Rates-in-Europe-2018-2021-300x293.png)
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![Recent corporate tax trends in Europe 2018-2021 Recent Changes in Corporate Income Tax Rates in Europe, 2018-2021](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Recent-corporate-tax-trends-in-Europe-2018-2021-Recent-Changes-in-Corporate-Income-Tax-Rates-in-Europe-2018-2021-300x293.png)
![Reducing the tax gap Most of the US tax gap comes from the individual income tax. Tax gap, tax enforcement, and tax compliance costs](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Most-the-US-tax-gap-comes-from-the-individual-income-tax.-Tax-gap-tax-enforcement-tax-compliance-300x212.png)
![US drug pricing policies and proposals HR3 drug pricing reform tax](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/US-drug-pricing-policies-and-proposals-HR3-tax-proposals-e1631130955999-300x200.jpg)
Don’t Copy European Drug Pricing Policies that Reduced R&D and Innovation
Rather than pursuing policies that have demonstrably reduced R&D and innovation elsewhere, and that would disincentivize R&D in the U.S., lawmakers should continue to ensure an ecosystem that encourages risk-taking and R&D.
4 min read![Compare 2021 patent box regimes in Europe (Patent box Europe data). Explore intellectual property box regimes in the EU Europe, also known as IP regimes in the EU Europe](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Compare-2021-patent-box-regimes-in-Europe-Patent-box-Europe-data.-Explore-intellectual-property-box-regimes-in-the-EU-Europe-also-known-as-IP-regimes-in-the-EU-Europe-285x300.png)
Patent Box Regimes in Europe, 2021
Patent box regimes (also referred to as intellectual property, or IP, regimes) provide lower effective tax rates on income derived from IP. Most commonly, eligible types of IP are patents and software copyrights. Currently, 14 of the 27 EU member states have a patent box regime.
4 min read![American Rescue Plan state tax cuts treasury clarification on American Rescue Plan ban on state tax cuts. Treasury minimum tax on current minimum tax on foreign profits of U.S. companies](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/AdobeStock_82143769-e1576168823228-300x200.jpeg)
Treasury Minimum Tax Argument Relies on Narrow Interpretation of Current/Proposed Rules
As Congress prepares to rewrite some portion of the current international tax rules, it’s hoped that they are able to achieve a more principled approach and one that is not so subject to obfuscation and misinterpretation.
7 min read![Ireland consultation on OECD international tax proposals ,Tax Foundation Response to Ireland Department of Finance Consultation Document: Consultation on OECD International Tax Proposals](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/nejc-soklic-yZ6MnFo5hX0-unsplash-300x200.jpg)
Tax Foundation Response to Ireland Department of Finance Consultation Document: Consultation on OECD International Tax Proposals
The recent effort to change international tax rules has been one of significant contradictions. The proposals have been driven by arguments about the need to raise additional revenues, to stabilize corporate tax rates, or to prevent offshoring. However, upon closer examination, these three arguments fail to capture what is occurring.
7 min read![Ways & means tax proposal seeks to combat extraterritorial taxes and discriminatory taxes Global minimum tax revenue OECD Pillar Two revenue OECD impact assessment OECD Pillar One tax Pillar one amount a Biden interest limitation Biden interest deduction rule Biden interest expense limitation Business interest expense limitation Democrat Senate international tax overhaul discussion draft legislation (Wyden Brown Warner international tax overhaul) or Sen Wyden international tax plan,](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/global-international-map-us-e1630689247673-300x200.jpg)
Tax Foundation Comments on the Wyden, Warner, Brown Discussion Draft
The proposed restructuring of the GILTI and FDII regimes makes several changes to the tax base that are largely offsetting, leaving virtually all the revenue potential to be determined by the tax rates on GILTI and FDII and the haircuts on foreign tax credits. Lawmakers should carefully weigh the trade-offs between higher tax revenues and competitiveness.
12 min read![Cigarette tax Europe, cigarette taxes in the EU, Cigarette taxes in Europe and Cigarette tax rates in Europe 2021, European cigarette taxes](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Cigarette-tax-Europe-cigarette-taxes-in-the-EU-Cigarette-taxes-in-Europe-and-Cigarette-tax-rates-in-Europe-2021-European-cigarette-taxes-300x286.png)
Cigarette Taxes in Europe
Ireland and France levy the highest excise duties on cigarettes in the EU, at €8.42 ($9.60) and €6.61 ($7.53) per 20-cigarette pack, respectively. This compares to an EU average of €3.34 ($3.80). Bulgaria (€1.81 or $2.06) and Poland (€2.08 or $2.37) levy the lowest excise duties.
2 min read![EU excise duty on alcohol 2021 distilled spirits taxes in Europe. 2021 liquor taxes in Europe](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/EU-excise-duty-on-alcohol-2021-distilled-spirits-taxes-in-Europe.-2021-liquor-taxes-in-Europe-300x290.png)
Distilled Spirits Taxes in Europe
The highest excise duties are applied in Finland, Sweden, and Ireland, where the rates for a standard-size bottle of liquor are €14.10 ($16.08), €13.80 ($15.73), and €11.92 ($13.59), respectively.
1 min read![global minimum tax comparison international tax proposals about profit shifting Biden international tax Learning from Europe and America’s Shared Gross Receipts Tax Experience , Gross receipts taxes Europe America Gross receipts tax digital tax](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/global-enhanced-e1550003625741-300x199.jpg)
International Tax Proposals and Profit Shifting
There are many ways the U.S.’s international tax rules could be changed, reformed, improved, or worsened. Reflexively jacking up taxes on U.S. multinationals does not necessarily accomplish the goal of reducing or eliminating profit shifting, and it would in fact worsen it.
6 min read![2021 wine taxes in Europe. Compare excise duty on wine, including germany wine tax, spain wine tax, and france wine tax](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/2021-wine-taxes-in-Europe.-Compare-excise-duty-on-wine-including-germany-wine-tax-spain-wine-tax-and-france-wine-tax-300x290.png)
Wine Taxes in Europe
As one might expect, southern European countries that are well-known for their wines—such as France, Greece, Portugal, and Spain—either don’t tax it or do so at a very low rate. But travel north and you’ll see countries that tend to levy taxes on wine—and often hefty taxes.
2 min read![us global minimum tax revenue biden global minimum tax revenue](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/us-global-minimum-tax-revenue-biden-global-minimum-tax-revenue-min-300x200.jpeg)
Adoption of Global Minimum Tax Could Raise U.S. Revenue…or Not
This interaction between the U.S. proposals and those that may be put into law in foreign jurisdictions should give lawmakers caution when evaluating the revenue potential of changes to GILTI.
7 min read![Ways & means tax proposal seeks to combat extraterritorial taxes and discriminatory taxes Global minimum tax revenue OECD Pillar Two revenue OECD impact assessment OECD Pillar One tax Pillar one amount a Biden interest limitation Biden interest deduction rule Biden interest expense limitation Business interest expense limitation Democrat Senate international tax overhaul discussion draft legislation (Wyden Brown Warner international tax overhaul) or Sen Wyden international tax plan,](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/global-international-map-us-e1630689247673-300x200.jpg)
Four Revenue Scores on Options to Change U.S. International Tax Rules
Changes to international tax rules are likely on the way, and it is therefore important for lawmakers to understand how various reform options would impact U.S. tax burdens on multinational companies. Moreover, policymakers should also recognize the need for prudent policies that do not put U.S.-based multinationals at a competitive disadvantage or severely curtail investment and hiring.
9 min read![Gas Taxes in Europe, 2021](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/EU-Gas-2021-295x300.png)
Gas Taxes in Europe
3 min read![2021 beer taxes in europe. Beer excise tax rates in Europe. Compare tax on beer in Germany with tax on beer in Ireland on International Beer Day 2021](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/2021-beer-taxes-in-europe.-Beer-excise-tax-rates-in-Europe.-Compare-tax-on-beer-in-Germany-with-tax-on-beer-in-Ireland-on-International-Beer-Day-2021-294x300.png)
Beer Taxes in Europe
Finland has the highest excise tax on beer in Europe, followed by Ireland and the United Kingdom. Compare beer taxes in Europe this International Beer Day
2 min read![Territorial tax systems in Europe 2021 exemption of foreign-sourced dividend and capital gains income from domestic taxation in Europe](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Territorial-tax-systems-in-Europe-2021-exemption-of-foreign-sourced-dividend-and-capital-gains-income-from-domestic-taxation-in-Europe-300x294.png)
Territoriality of Tax Systems in Europe
19 European OECD countries employ a fully territorial tax system, exempting all foreign-sourced dividend and capital gains income from domestic taxation. No European OECD country operates a worldwide tax system.
3 min read![2021 Thin-Cap rules, 2021 thin-capitalization rules in Europe to discourage international debt shifting](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/2021-Thin-Cap-rules-2021-thin-capitalization-rules-in-Europe-to-discourage-international-debt-shifting-298x300.png)
Thin-Cap Rules in Europe
To discourage this form of international debt shifting, many countries have implemented so-called thin-capitalization rules (thin-cap rules), which limit the amount of interest a multinational business can deduct for tax purposes.
5 min read![Global Foreign Direct Investment Covid-19 Pandemic according to the UN World Investment Report](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/us-dollar-money-euro3-300x147.jpg)
Insights from the UN World Investment Report for Global Tax Reform
The United Nations (UN) recently released its annual “World Investment Report,” which shows the dramatic fall in global foreign direct investment (FDI) caused by the COVID-19 crisis.
3 min read![Controlled Foreign Corporation CFC Rules in Europe base erosion and profit shifting 2021](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Controlled-Foreign-Corporation-CFC-Rules-in-Europe-base-erosion-and-profit-shifting-2021-300x290.png)
CFC Rules in Europe
To prevent businesses from minimizing their tax liability by taking advantage of cross-country differences, countries have implemented various anti-tax avoidance measures, such as the so-called Controlled Foreign Corporation (CFC) rules.
5 min read![VAT Exemption Thresholds in Europe 2021](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/VAT-Exemption-Thresholds-in-Europe-2021-300x290.png)
VAT Exemption Thresholds in Europe
To reduce tax compliance and administrative costs, most countries have VAT exemption thresholds: If a business is below a certain annual revenue threshold, it is not required to participate in the VAT system.
2 min read