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2023 State Business Tax Climate Index
While there are many ways to show how much is collected in taxes by state governments, our Index is designed to show how well states structure their tax systems by focusing on the how more than the how much in recognition of the fact that there are better and worse ways to raise revenue.
129 min read![International Rankings of Germany's Tax System. Learn more about Germany tax system.](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/Germany-3-e1576512157963-300x194.jpeg)
International Tax Competitiveness Index 2022
While there are many factors that affect a country’s economic performance, taxes play an important role. A well-structured tax code is easy for taxpayers to comply with and can promote economic development while raising sufficient revenue for a government’s priorities.
41 min read![principled EU tax policy and EU tax fraud and EU tax avoidance President von der leyen](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/eu4-enhanced-300x200.jpg)
What the EU Gets Wrong About “Tax Fairness” and How Principled Tax Policy Can Help
A more principled EU tax system will increase economic growth across the economy and provide the government with stable finances for spending priorities.
7 min read![Giorgia Meloni Italian Elections impact on Italy tax policy and EU fiscal policy](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/Giorgia-Meloni-Italian-Elections-impact-on-Italy-tax-policy-and-EU-fiscal-policy-e1664397593817-300x169.jpg)
Impact of Italian Elections on National Tax Policy and EU Fiscal Policy
In the EU, Italy plays an important role in economic policy. If the EU wants to further develop own resources, it will need the backing of the Italian government—which seems unlikely at the moment.
4 min read![Inflation Reduction Act energy tax increases methane emissions superfund tax and coal taxes methane emissions and methane fee natural gas](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/energy-and-environmental-taxes-e1663869326117-300x169.jpeg)
The Sticks: Inflation Reduction Act’s Energy-Related Tax Increases
The Inflation Reduction Act primarily uses carrots, not sticks, to incentivize reductions in carbon emissions. It creates or expands tax credits for various low- or no-emission technologies, rather than imposing a generalized penalty for emissions, such as a carbon tax.
5 min read![Next UK Prime Minister Election or UK Conservative Party or Tory Leadership Election between Rishi Sunak tax policies and and Liz Truss tax policies](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/UK-taxes-e1658940188883-300x200.jpeg)
Taxes and the UK’s new Prime Minister
In an already-challenging economic environment, new UK Prime Minister Liz Truss must get tax rates correct to avoid over-burdening a population and business sector facing immense uncertainty. Focusing only on rates while ignoring the base misses an opportunity for real, pro-growth reform.
4 min read![New Mexico business tax climate ranking New Mexico business tax reform New Mexico tax reform](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/New-Mexico-state-capitol-e1661981166977-300x196.jpeg)
New Mexico and the Question of Tax Competitiveness
Every change to a state’s tax system makes its business tax climate more or less competitive compared to other states and makes the state more or less attractive to business.
7 min read![State and local tax collections, state and local tax revenue by state taxes by state](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/State-and-local-tax-collections-state-and-local-tax-revenue-by-state-taxes-by-state-213x300.png)
Unpacking the State and Local Tax Toolkit: Sources of State and Local Tax Collections (FY 2020)
The mix of tax sources states choose can have important implications for both revenue stability and economic growth, and the many variations across states are indicative of the different ways states weigh competing policy goals.
29 min read![EU windfall profits tax EU energy security EU fossil fuel EU presidency European Union presidency including Czech presidency Europe council EU VAT Rates: EU VAT Directive & EU Reduced VAT Rates](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/EU-European-Union-reduced-vat-rates-300x200.jpg)
Europe Opened the Pandora Box of Reduced VAT Rates
With this new VAT directive, the EU has invited member states to adopt policies that create new complexities, are poorly targeted, and undermine an Own Resource.
5 min read![Rich pay their fair share of taxes, Bernie Sanders and Elizabeth warren wealth tax, rich tax, rich taxes, redistribution, fixing a rigged tax code, corporations pay their fair share of taxes, corporations pay zero federal income taxes](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/capitol-washington-dc-building-e1568123769343-300x188.jpeg)
Personal Income Tax Adjusts for Inflation, But It Could Do Better
In times of inflation, a review of the tax code shows that some provisions are automatically indexed, or adjusted, to match inflation, while others are not. And that creates unfair burdens for taxpayers. But it’s not always as simple as just “adjusting for inflation.”
4 min read![Economic Impact of Tariffs, Trump tariffs, trade war](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/tariffs-7-300x200.jpeg)
Biden’s Trade Agenda Should End the Trade War and Promote Free Trade
The Biden administration should lift the Trump administration’s tariffs, as they have failed in their objective to bring better trading practices and instead brought about significant damage to U.S. businesses and workers.
6 min read![Facts and Figures 2022 state tax data state debt state revenue state tax collections and income per capita by state data](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Artboard-1-300x286.png)
Facts & Figures 2022: How Does Your State Compare?
Facts & Figures serves as a one-stop state tax data resource that compares all 50 states on over 40 measures of tax rates, collections, burdens, and more.
2 min read![Spain tax reform committee Spain Eurozone taxes Spain start-up law tax proposal investors entrepreneurs Spain startup law tax plan](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Spain-start-up-law-tax-proposal-investors-entrepreneurs-Spain-startup-law-tax-plan-e1639595092641-300x199.jpg)
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Sources of U.S. Tax Revenue by Tax Type, 2022 Update
Compared to other industrialized countries, the United States relies more on individual income taxes and property taxes and less on consumption taxes.
4 min readSources of Government Revenue in the OECD, 2022 Update
Designing tax policy in a way that sustainably finances government activities while minimizing distortions is important for supporting a productive economy.
5 min read![2022 VAT rates in Europe, 2022 VAT rates by country, 2022 value-added tax rates in Europe and 2022 value-added tax rates by country](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/2022-VAT-rates-in-Europe-2022-VAT-rates-by-country-2022-value-added-tax-rates-in-Europe-and-2022-value-added-tax-rates-by-country-300x290.png)
VAT Rates in Europe, 2022
The VAT is a consumption tax assessed on the value added in each production stage of a good or service. Every business along the value chain receives a tax credit for the VAT already paid. The end consumer does not, making it a tax on final consumption.
4 min read![Comparing Property Tax Systems in Europe, 2021 Comparing Europes Tax Systems Property Tax Systems Best and Worst Property Tax Systems](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Comparing-Property-Tax-Systems-in-Europe-2021-Comparing-Europes-Tax-Systems-Property-Tax-Systems-Best-and-Worst-Property-Tax-Systems-300x289.png)
Comparing Europe’s Tax Systems: Property Taxes
According to the 2021 International Tax Competitiveness Index, Switzerland has the best-structured consumption tax among OECD countries while Poland has the worst-structured consumption tax code.
2 min read![2022 State Business Tax Climate Index 2022 State Tax Rankings and 2022 State Business Rankings](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/2022-State-Business-Tax-Climate-Index-Social-01-300x157.jpg)
2022 State Business Tax Climate Index
While there are many ways to show how much is collected in taxes by state governments, our State Business Tax Climate Index is designed to show how well states structure their tax systems and provides a road map for improvement.
169 min read![Permanent Build Back Better middle class tax hike Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, Tax Reform](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Capitol-washington-dc-300x240.jpg)
Permanent Build Back Better Act Would Likely Require Large Tax Increases on the Middle Class
Policymakers and taxpayers should understand the scope of tax changes necessary to fully pay for the large-scale social spending programs that would be initiated under the Build Back Better Act.
6 min read![2021 Consumption Tax Systems in Europe Comparing Consumption Tax Systems in Europe 2021 worst Consumption tax systems in Europe Consumption taxes in Europe](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/2021-Consumption-Tax-Systems-in-Europe-Comparing-Consumption-Tax-Systems-in-Europe-2021-worst-Consumption-tax-systems-in-Europe-Consumption-taxes-in-Europe-300x289.png)
Comparing Europe’s Tax Systems: Consumption Taxes
According to the 2021 International Tax Competitiveness Index, Switzerland has the best-structured consumption tax among OECD countries while Poland has the worst-structured consumption tax code.
2 min read