Corporate Tax Rates around the World, 2016

Key Findings:

• The United States has the third highest general top marginal corporate income taxA corporate income tax (CIT) is levied by federal and state governments on business profits. Many companies are not subject to the CIT because they are taxed as pass-through businesses, with income reportable under the individual income tax. rate in the world, at 38.92 percent. Due to the recent reduction in Chad’s corporate taxA tax is a mandatory payment or charge collected by local, state, and national governments from individuals or businesses to cover the costs of general government services, goods, and activities. rate, the U.S. rate is exceeded only by the United Arab Emirates and Puerto Rico.
• The worldwide average top corporate income tax rate, across 188 countries and tax jurisdictions, is 22.5 percent. After weighting by each jurisdiction’s GDP, the average rate is 29.5 percent.
• By region, Europe has the lowest average corporate tax rate, at 18.88 percent (26.22 percent, weighted by GDP). The G7 has the highest simple average, at 30.21 percent.
• Larger, more industrialized countries tend to have higher corporate income tax rates than developing countries.
• The worldwide average corporate tax rate has declined since 2003 from 30 percent to 22.5 percent.
• Every region in the world has seen a decline in its average corporate tax rate in the past thirteen years.

Introduction

It is well known that the United States has the highest corporate income tax rate among the 35 industrialized nations of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).[1] However, it is less well known how the United States stacks up against countries throughout the entire world. Expanding the sample of countries and tax jurisdictions to 188, the U.S.’s corporate tax rate of almost 39 percent is the third highest in the world, lower only than the United Arab Emirates’ rate of 55 percent and Puerto Rico’s rate of 39 percent. The U.S. tax rate is 16.4 percentage points higher than the worldwide average of 22.5 percent and a little more than 9 percentage points higher than the worldwide GDP-weighted average of 29.5 percent. Over the past ten years, the average worldwide tax rate has been declining, pushing the United States farther from the norm.

The United States Has the Third Highest Corporate Tax Rate among 188 Nations

The top marginal corporate tax rate among the 188 countries surveyed was the United Arab Emirates,[2] which has a top rate of 55 percent (Table 1).[3] The United States, with a combined top marginal tax rateThe marginal tax rate is the amount of additional tax paid for every additional dollar earned as income. The average tax rate is the total tax paid divided by total income earned. A 10 percent marginal tax rate means that 10 cents of every next dollar earned would be taken as tax. of 38.9 percent (consisting of the federal tax rate of 35 percent plus the average tax rateThe average tax rate is the total tax paid divided by taxable income. While marginal tax rates show the amount of tax paid on the next dollar earned, average tax rates show the overall share of income paid in taxes. among the states), has the third highest corporate income tax rate in the world, slightly behind Puerto Rico. In contrast, the average across all 188 countries is 22.5 percent, or 29.5 percent weighted by gross domestic product (GDP).[4]

Every region in the world except for Oceania is represented in the top twenty countries. Six of the top twenty countries are in Africa, two of the top twenty countries are in Asia, and four are in Europe. The eight remaining countries are in South and North America.

Other large nations in the top twenty besides the United States are France (34.4 percent), Brazil (34 percent), and India (34.6 percent).

Table 1. Twenty Highest Top Marginal Corporate Tax Rates in the World

Country	Top Rate	Region
United Arab Emirates	55.0%	Asia
Puerto Rico	39.0%	North America
United States	38.9%	North America
Argentina	35.0%	South America
Chad	35.0%	Africa
Congo, Democratic Republic Of The	35.0%	Africa
Equatorial Guinea	35.0%	Africa
Guinea	35.0%	Africa
Malta	35.0%	Europe
Virgin Islands, U.S.	35.0%	North America
Zambia	35.0%	Africa
India	34.6%	Asia
Sint Maarten	34.5%	North America
France	34.4%	Europe
Brazil	34.0%	South America
Venezuela	34.0%	South America
Belgium	34.0%	Europe
Monaco	33.3%	Europe
Saint Lucia	33.3%	North America
Cameroon	33.0%	Africa
Worldwide Average	22.5%	N/A
Worldwide Weighted Average (by GDP)	29.5%	N/A

Among countries with corporate income taxes, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan have the lowest top marginal rate at 8 percent and 7.5 percent respectively (Table 2). Nine countries have top rates of 10 percent, most of them small nations in Europe (Bosnia and Herzegovina, Macedonia, Gibraltar, Andorra, Bulgaria). The only major industrialized nation among the bottom 20 countries is Ireland, which is known for its low 12.5 percent rate. [5]

Table 2. Twenty Lowest Top Marginal Corporate Tax Rates in the World (Excluding Countries Without a Corporate Income Tax)

Country	Top Rate	Region
Albania	15.0%	Europe
Georgia	15.0%	Asia
Cyprus	12.5%	Europe
Ireland	12.5%	Europe
Liechtenstein	12.5%	Europe
Macao	12.0%	Asia
Moldova, Republic of	12.0%	Europe
Oman	12.0%	Asia
Andorra	10.0%	Europe
Bosnia And Herzegovina	10.0%	Europe
Bulgaria	10.0%	Europe
Gibraltar	10.0%	Europe
Kyrgyzstan	10.0%	Asia
Macedonia, Former Yugoslav Republic Of	10.0%	Europe
Paraguay	10.0%	South America
Qatar	10.0%	Asia
Timor-Leste	10.0%	Asia
Montenegro	9.0%	Europe
Turkmenistan	8.0%	Asia
Uzbekistan	7.5%	Asia
Worldwide Average	22.5%	N/A
Worldwide Weighted Average (by GDP)	29.5%	N/A

Of the 188 countries surveyed, there are currently 14 without a corporate income tax (Table 3). Most countries without corporate income taxes are small, island nations. Four of the countries are islands known for having no corporate income tax: the Bahamas, the Cayman Islands, the British Virgin Islands, and Bermuda. Bahrain has no general corporate income tax, but has a targeted corporate income tax on oil companies.[6]

Table 3. Countries without General Corporate Income Taxes

Country	Region
Anguilla	North America
Bahamas	North America
Bahrain	Asia
Bermuda	North America
Cayman Islands	North America
Guernsey	Europe
Isle Of Man	Europe
Jersey	Europe
Nauru	Oceania
Palau	Oceania
Turks And Caicos Islands	North America
Vanuatu	Oceania
Virgin Islands, British	North America
Wallis and Futuna	Oceania

Regional Variation in Corporate Tax Rates

Corporate tax rates vary significantly among worldwide regions (Table 4). Africa’s average top marginal corporate income tax rate of 28.53 percent is the highest among all regions. Europe has the lowest average tax rate at 18.88 percent, 3.6 percentage points below the worldwide average of 22.49 percent.

Weighted by GDP, North America stands as the region with the highest average top marginal corporate tax rate at 37 percent. This is unsurprising given that the United States makes up more than 80 percent of the region’s GDP and has a corporate tax rate of 38.9 percent. Asia has the lowest weighted average top marginal corporate tax rate at 26.2 percent.

Larger, more industrialized countries tend to have higher corporate income tax rates than the world as a whole. The G7, which is a group of the seven largest nations in the world by net wealth, has an average corporate income tax rate of 30.21 percent (33.75 percent weighted). The 35 nations of the OECD have an average corporate tax rate of 24.66 percent (31.39 percent weighted). The BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa, five major emerging national economies) have an average rate of 28.32 percent (27.39 percent weighted).

Table 4. Average Top Marginal Corporate Tax Rate by Region or Group

Region	Average Rate	Weighted Average	Number of Countries
Africa	28.53%	27.81%	40
Asia	20.14%	26.20%	45
Europe	18.88%	26.22%	47
North America	23.51%	37.02%	31
Oceania	18.93%	26.99%	14
South America	27.27%	32.05%	11
G7	30.21%	33.75%	7
OECD	24.66%	31.39%	35
BRICS	28.32%	27.39%	5
EU	22.45%	26.93%	28
G20	28.28%	31.27%	19
World	22.49%	29.55%	188

There Are Few Countries with Corporate Tax Rates above 35 Percent

The United States stands as one of the few nations in the world with a top corporate income tax rate above 35 percent. The following (Figure 1) shows the distribution of the corporate tax rates among 188 countries and tax jurisdictions in 2016. A plurality
(43) of the countries in the world have corporate income tax rates between 25 and 30 percent. Twenty-eight countries have tax rates between 30 and 35 percent. The United States is one of only three countries in the world with a corporate tax rate
above 35 percent. Seventy-five countries have corporate tax rates between 0 and 20 percent.

Corporate Tax Rates around the World Have Fallen in the Past Decade

Over the past thirteen years, countries across the globe have reduced their corporate income tax rates, considerably reducing the worldwide average tax rate (Figure 2). In 2003, the worldwide average was approximately 30 percent. By 2016, the average rate had declined by roughly 7 percentage points to 22.5 percent.

After weighting by GDP, the average top marginal corporate tax rate has declined less. This is mainly due to the fact that the United States, which makes up approximately 25 percent of world GDP, continues to have a high 38.92 percent corporate income tax rate that has not changed in more than 10 years. Nonetheless, the worldwide GDP-weighted average tax rate has declined from 34.1 percent to 29.5 percent in the last 10 years.

This downward trend holds across all regions of the globe (Figure 3). The average top marginal corporate tax rate in all regions has declined in the past thirteen years.

The largest absolute drop in average top marginal corporate tax rates was in Asia. The average declined from 31 percent in 2003 to 20.1 percent in 2016, approximately an 11 percentage-point decline. South American countries reduced their corporate income
tax rates the least, from 29.9 percent to 27.27 percent over the last thirteen years.

Conclusion

The corporate income tax rate is one of many aspects of what makes a country’s tax code and economy attractive for investment. However, as the rest of the world’s economies mature and their tax rates on corporate income continue to decline, the United States risks losing its competitive edge due to its exceptionally high corporate income tax rate.

Share this article