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![Wins Above Replacement Baseball Statistic how to think about the 2024 State Business Tax Climate Index rankings](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/AdobeStock_42014191-300x200.jpeg)
![2024 State Business Tax Climate Index](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/24SBTCI-social-sahre_exTwit-300x169.png)
2024 State Business Tax Climate Index
In recognition of the fact that there are better and worse ways to raise revenue, our Index focuses on how state tax revenue is raised, not how much. The rankings, therefore, reflect how well states structure their tax systems.
111 min read![Indiana Tax Reform Options, Written Testimony before the Indiana State and Local Tax Review Task Force Considerations for Improving Indiana’s Tax Structure and Competitiveness](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Indiana-state-capitol-2-300x200.jpeg)
Testimony: Considerations for Improving Indiana’s Tax Structure and Competitiveness
Indiana’s tax code is structured in a relatively sound and economically efficient manner overall, but additional improvements should be considered to make the state even more economically competitive.
27 min read![](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/ITCI_23_Social_Tw-300x169.png)
International Tax Competitiveness Index 2023
While there are many factors that affect a country’s economic performance, taxes play an important role. A well-structured tax code is easy for taxpayers to comply with and can promote economic development while raising sufficient revenue for a government’s priorities.
88 min read![US fiscal consolidation options include income taxes consumption taxes, tax expenditures and spending reduction Hamilton project Tax Foundation Brookings](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/US-debt-and-deficits-globe-300x200.jpeg)
Most Successful Fiscal Consolidations Do Not Rely Solely on Tax Hikes
If tax increases are included in a package, international experience points toward raising consumption taxes, rationalizing tax expenditures, and broadening the tax base—not hiking income taxes.
6 min read![Federal deficit grew to $2 trillion in FY 2023 Federal Budget Deficit Data and Projections](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/AdobeStock_567239908-300x200.jpeg)
Federal Deficit Grew to $2 Trillion in FY 2023
Outside of the pandemic years, this year’s federal deficit is the highest in U.S. history. While tax revenue has increased about 28 percent since the pre-pandemic year 2019, spending has increased about 46 percent. Annual deficits are headed towards $3 trillion over the next few years.
3 min read![US Consumption Tax vs Income Tax Reform: Details & Analysis](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/AdobeStock_137677789-300x200.jpeg)
How Taxing Consumption Would Improve Long-Term Opportunity and Well-Being for Families and Children
Income taxes impose steeper economic costs, and often steeper administrative and compliance costs, than consumption taxes. Moving to a consumption tax would end the tax bias against saving and investment and provide an opportunity to greatly simplify anti-poverty programs embedded in the tax code.
45 min read![Nikki Haley gas tax proposal Republican primary debate proposal to eliminate the federal gas tax](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Ambassador_Haley_Delivers_Remarks_to_the_Press_on_the_UN_Human_Rights_Council_42190266094-300x195.jpg)
Nikki Haley’s Plan to Eliminate the Federal Gas Tax Would Be a Mistake
At the most recent Republican primary debate, former governor and United Nations ambassador Nikki Haley (R-SC) proposed eliminating the federal gas tax to lower fuel prices for consumers.
3 min read![Arkansas Tax Reform, Arkansas Phase 3 Arkansas Individual income tax cuts Phase Three](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Arkansas-e1548895732799-300x200.jpeg)
The Future of Arkansas Tax Reform: Next Steps on the Road Map to Competitiveness
Responsible pro-growth reforms to Arkansas’s tax code can help ensure that the Natural State is indeed a Land of Opportunity.
9 min read![2023 Spanish Regional Tax Competitiveness Index RTCI Fundalib Fundación para el Avance de la Libertad Tax Foundation Spain Tax Index Rankings](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/2023-Spanish-Regional-Tax-Competitiveness-Index-300x169.jpeg)
2023 Spanish Regional Tax Competitiveness Index
The 2023 Spanish Regional Tax Competitiveness Index allows policymakers and taxpayers to evaluate and measure how their regions’ tax systems compare.
6 min read![Details and analysis of European Tax Trends and European Tax Reforms](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Tax-Trends-in-European-Countries-300x200.jpeg)
Tax Trends in European Countries
In recent years, European countries have undertaken a series of tax reforms designed to maintain tax revenue levels while protecting households and businesses from high inflation.
8 min read![Gross income definition or gross pay definition TaxEDU Labor Share of Net Income is Within Its Historical Range President Biden Made in America Tax Plan and American Jobs Plan](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/calculator-5-300x225.jpg)
Labor Share of Net Income is Within Its Historical Range
As increased political attention focuses on the state of the American worker, expect to see a resurgence of the argument that the labor share of income is in decline.
5 min read![SALT cap repeal impact by county state and local tax deduction reported on federal tax returns](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/SALT-cap-repeal-impact-by-county-state-and-local-tax-deduction-reported-on-federal-tax-returns-300x250.png)
County Data Shows Repealing SALT Cap Would Benefit High-Income Earners
Any move to repeal the cap or enhance the deduction would disproportionately benefit higher earners, making the tax code more regressive.
5 min read![Tax Foundation experts analyze ways to rein in the national debt, including US debt and deficits and federal budget and US spending and taxes](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/us-debt-deficits-federal-budget-spending-taxes-300x200.jpeg)
How to Rein in the National Debt
Now is the time for lawmakers to focus on long-term fiscal sustainability, as further delay will only make an eventual fiscal reckoning that much harder and more painful. Congressional leaders should follow through on convening a fiscal commission to deal with the long-term budgetary challenges facing the country.
35 min read![Distribution of major US individual income tax credits on IRS tax form 1040](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/IRSCreditData23_1-300x240.png)
Summary of the Tax Credits Claimed on the Form 1040, Tax Year 2020
In tax year 2020, taxpayers claimed more than 159 million tax credits on their individual income tax returns worth a total of more than $277 billion. That was an increase of $35.3 billion from tax year 2019, largely due to an influx of pandemic relief administered through the tax code in 2020.
6 min read![TaxEDU glossary](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/TaxEDU_generic-FV-01-300x141.png)
Lesson Plan: Tax Basics
In this lesson plan, students will understand the basics of taxation and its impact on their daily lives, learn about their state tax system, and be able to compare it to other states in the U.S.
![Student loan forgiveness and student loan debt forgiveness tax treatment Biden Supreme Court](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/student-loan-forgiveness-tax-treatment-biden-300x200.jpg)
Inconsistent Tax Treatment of Student Loan Debt Forgiveness Creates Confusion
Starting on September 1st, federal student loan payments will resume after a three-and-a-half-year pause on payments and accrued interest following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic.
6 min read![EU wealth tax discussion and debate EU wealth tax proposal 2023](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/EU-wealth-tax-3-300x153.jpg)
The Wealth Tax Discussion Is Back
Given that wealth taxes collect little revenue and have the potential to disincentivize entrepreneurship and investment, perhaps European countries should repeal them rather than implement one across the continent.
4 min read![Indiana Jones Dial of Destiny Archaeological Treasures taxed](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/AdobeStock_675609532-300x200.jpeg)
From Temples to Tax Forms—Indiana Jones’s Guide to Taxing Treasures
As fans around the world anticipate the final adventure of Indiana Jones, let’s embark on our own excursion to unravel the mysteries of taxing treasure.
3 min read![Details and analysis of the economic growth and opportunity US tax reform plan includes federal flat tax, distributed profits tax, and eliminating the federal estate tax](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Growth-and-Opportunity-Tax-Reform-Plan-Tax-Foundation-300x200.jpg)
Details and Analysis of a Tax Reform Plan for Growth and Opportunity
The federal tax code remains a major source of frustration and controversy for Americans, and a hindrance to economic growth and opportunity. Other countries, such as Estonia, have proven that sufficient tax revenue can be collected in a less frustrating and more efficient way.
42 min read