The economic crisis caused by the coronavirus pandemic poses a triple challenge for tax policy in the United States. Lawmakers are tasked with crafting a policy response that will accelerate the economic recovery, reduce the mounting deficit, and protect the most vulnerable.
To assist lawmakers in navigating the challenge, and to help the American public understand the tax changes being proposed, the Tax Foundation’s Center for Federal Tax Policy modeled how 70 potential changes to the tax code would affect the U.S. economy, distribution of the tax burden, and federal revenue.
In tax policy there is an ever-present trade-off among how much revenue a tax will raise, who bears the burden of a tax, and what impact a tax will have on economic growth. Armed with the information in our new book, Options for Reforming America’s Tax Code 2.0, policymakers can debate the relative merits and trade-offs of each option to improve the tax code in a post-pandemic world.
![Texas property tax relief and Texas property tax reform explore Texas property taxes](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/Texas-state-capitol-e1687281337660-300x199.jpg)
Texas Lawmakers Should Deliver Principled Property Tax Relief
Texas’s robust surpluses create an opportunity to use state funds to lower local property taxes. However, it remains important for legislators to pursue a principled approach to rate compression, rather than enacting a plan that will simply shift the tax burden in nonneutral ways.
3 min read![carbon tariff and carbon border tax proposed in Prove It Act by Sens. Kevin Cramer (R-ND) and Christopher Coons (D-DE) carbon price and Foreign Pollution Fee Act](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/carbon-tariff-carbon-border-tariff-300x190.jpg)
What Would a Carbon Tariff Achieve?
Sens. Kevin Cramer (R-ND) and Christopher Coons (D-DE) have recently introduced a bill laying the groundwork for a possible solution to the problem: a tax on the carbon content of imports. But it falls short of the optimal approach in several ways.
4 min read![RSC budget republican study committee republican tax plan 2024](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/RSC-budget-republican-study-committee-tax-plan-2024-300x214.jpg)
Republican Study Committee’s Tax Plan Simplifies the Tax Code and Offers Pro-Growth Ideas
By extending bonus depreciation and introducing neutral cost recovery, the RSC budget would significantly improve the treatment of investment leading to increased growth, expanded employment, and higher wages.
3 min read![emergency savings accounts retirement savings accounts Build Back Better plan inflation Build Back Better plan deficit carbon tax reconciliation hr3 tax prescription drugs tax help pay for reconciliation, revenue for federal government retirement savings federal reform proposals SECURE Act Securing a Strong Retirement Act of 2021](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Capitol_money_adobe_trekandphoto_optimized-e1623769427516-300x200.jpeg)
Repealing Inflation Reduction Act’s Energy Credits Would Raise $663 Billion, JCT Projects
The price tag of the Inflation Reduction Act’s green energy tax credits is much higher than originally thought. Among other things, the updated analysis indicates the Inflation Reduction Act does not reduce deficits after all.
6 min read![Oklahoma franchise tax repeal and Oklahoma marriage penalty repeal 2023](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/Oklahoma-state-capitol-300x197.jpg)
Oklahoma Adopts Franchise Tax Repeal, Eliminates Marriage Penalty
In the closing days of the 2023 legislative session, Oklahoma lawmakers repealed the state’s corporate franchise tax and eliminated the marriage penalty in its individual income tax. Both tax changes represent a positive step forward for the state.
4 min read![US tax treaty network prioritizing Brazil and Chile, and US transfer pricing](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/south-america-brazil-chile-300x200.jpg)
Enhancing the U.S. Tax Treaty Network: Prioritizing Brazil and Chile
The National Foreign Trade Council’s survey shows that the private sector recognizes the economic value of treaties as an instrument to increase tax certainty and decrease distortions.
4 min read![IRS overpayments of IRS tax credits including IRS refundable tax credits EITC and CTC](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/US-capitol-dc-skyline-3-300x199.jpg)
Why Congress Is More to Blame than IRS for $26 Billion in Refundable Tax Credit Overpayments
Lawmakers should avoid delivering social and economic benefits through the tax code whenever possible and work to simplify or repeal the tax expenditures already in the tax code.
7 min read![R&D amortization impact on economic growth manufacturing and small business rd expensing tax bill](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/RD-amortization-impact-on-economic-growth-manufacturing-and-small-business-300x199.jpg)
R&D Amortization Hurts Economic Growth, Growth Industries, and Small Businesses
The current tax treatment of R&D expenses is irrational, complicated, and counterproductive. Fortunately, fixing this problem is a bipartisan issue.
4 min read![utpr pillar two us tax base oecd global minimum tax ways and means jason smith](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/utpr-pillar-two-us-tax-base-oecd-global-minimum-tax-ways-and-means-300x198.jpg)
Why Does the UTPR Matter?
As the UTPR is a new concept, it is worth explaining what it is and why Rep. Smith cares about it. In a sentence, the Undertaxed Profits Rule (UTPR) is a looming extraterritorial enforcement mechanism for a tax base the U.S. has not adopted.
6 min read![Debt ceiling deal debt limit 2023 Ways and Means plan The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly House Democrats tax plan](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Capitol-34-300x228.png)
Debt Ceiling Deal Reduces Deficits in the Short Term but Delays a More Comprehensive Budget Reckoning
To address the more challenging parts of the budget, especially the unsustainable growth in mandatory spending, lawmakers should follow up on this debt ceiling agreement with a focus on long-term fiscal sustainability.
6 min read