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Cristina Enache Tax Foundation

Cristina Enache

Economist

Cristina Enache writes on the economics of tax policy and is the author of the Spanish Regional Tax Competitiveness Index. She was formerly the Director of Research at Civismo, an economic research organization based in Spain. She also served as head of research at Institución Futuro, a regional think tank based in Navarra in northern Spain. She is also currently Secretary-General at the World Taxpayers Associations and General Manager of the Spanish Taxpayers Union, which she joined in 2016.

Cristina has a degree in economics from the Academy of Economic Studies in Bucharest and a master’s degree in Economics and Finance from the University of Navarra.

Latest Work

The High Cost of Wealth Taxes

The High Cost of Wealth Taxes

Many developed countries have repealed their wealth taxes in recent years for a variety of reasons. They raise little revenue, create high administrative costs, and induce an outflow of wealthy individuals and their money. Many policymakers have also recognized that high taxes on capital and wealth damage economic growth.

30 min read
Tax Burden on Labor in Europe 2024 taxing wages tax wedge

Tax Burden on Labor in Europe, 2024

To make the taxation of labor more efficient, policymakers should understand the inputs into the tax wedge, and taxpayers should understand how their tax burden funds government services.

4 min read
Digital services taxes in Europe by country 2024 digital taxes in Europe otherwise known as DSTs in Europe

Digital Services Taxes in Europe, 2024

About half of all European OECD countries have either announced, proposed, or implemented a DST. Because these taxes mainly impact U.S. companies and are thus perceived as discriminatory, the United States responded to the policies with retaliatory tariff threats, urging countries to abandon unilateral measures.

4 min read
Digital Taxation Around the World including digital services taxes and digital consumption tax reforms

Digital Taxation around the World

The outcome of the digital tax debate will likely shape domestic and international taxation for decades to come. Designing these policies based on sound principles will be essential in ensuring they can withstand challenges arising in the rapidly changing economic and technological environment of the 21st century.

58 min read
Estate taxes inheritance taxes and gift taxes in Europe 2024

Estate, Inheritance, and Gift Taxes in Europe, 2024

As tempting as inheritance, estate, and gift taxes might look—especially when the OECD notes them as a way to reduce wealth inequality—their limited capacity to collect revenue and their negative impact on entrepreneurial activity, saving, and work should make policymakers consider their repeal instead of boosting them.

2 min read
2024 wealth taxes in Europe compare wealth taxes by country

Wealth Taxes in Europe, 2024

Only three European countries levy a net wealth tax—Norway, Spain, and Switzerland. France and Italy levy wealth taxes on selected assets.

4 min read
2024 corporate tax rates in Europe and 2024 corporate income tax rates in Europe

Corporate Income Tax Rates in Europe, 2024

Like most regions around the world, European countries have experienced a decline in corporate income tax rates over the past four decades, but the average corporate income tax rate has leveled off in recent years.

2 min read
2023 to 2024 corporate tax rates around the world data and trends

Corporate Tax Rates around the World, 2023

Of the 225 jurisdictions around the world, only six have increased their top corporate income tax rate in 2023, a trend that might be reversed in the coming years as more countries agree to implement the global minimum tax.

16 min read
Future of EU tax policy full expensing cost recovery corporate taxation

Is EU VAT Compliance Actually Improving?

While the European Commission focuses on improving VAT compliance, policy is a major contributor to VAT revenue losses. The VAT actionable policy gap is 15.65 percent, more than triple the compliance gap.

5 min read
Details and analysis of European Tax Trends and European Tax Reforms

Tax Trends in European Countries

In recent years, European countries have undertaken a series of tax reforms designed to maintain tax revenue levels while protecting households and businesses from high inflation.

8 min read