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Individual Tax Expenditures, Credits, and Deductions

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Summary of the Latest Federal Income Tax Data, Tax Year 2023 2026 update of IRS data of who pays federal income taxes the most

Summary of the Latest Federal Income Tax Data, Tax Year 2023

New IRS data shows the US federal income tax system continues to be progressive as high-income taxpayers pay the highest average income tax rates. Average tax rates for all income groups remain lower after the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA).

6 min read
Understanding tax refunds explained

Rethinking Your Tax Refund

While it may feel good to receive a tax refund, it does not represent your tax burden—the tax liability you actually owe to the government.

Tax reform policy debate 2026, Trump tariff policy

In 2026, Both Parties Are Dodging the Truth on Taxes

As the policy debate for the next presidential election begins to take shape, both sides need to be honest about their plans for addressing the actual challenges our country faces.

Colorado Income Tax Proposal, Alternative Minimum Tax (AMT), Net Operating Loss Deduction (NOL)

Colorado Considers Legislation to Tax Phantom Income

Under HB26-1221, Colorado would make two changes that raise additional revenue by taxing income that doesn’t actually exist. The proposed changes to the state’s alternative minimum tax and net operating loss provisions are designed to overstate income, leading to double taxation and distorting taxpayer behavior.

5 min read
2025 European Tax Policy Scorecard

2025 European Tax Policy Scorecard

The variety of approaches to taxation among European countries creates a need to evaluate these systems relative to each other. For that purpose, we have developed the European Tax Policy Scorecard—a relative comparison of European countries’ tax systems.

55 min read
No Tax on Social Security vs. Proposed $4,000 Senior Bonus Senior Tax Deduction One Big Beautiful Bill Act OBBB

How Does the Additional Senior Deduction Compare to No Tax on Social Security?

The increased senior deduction with the phaseout would deliver a larger tax cut to lower-middle- and middle-income taxpayers compared to exempting all Social Security benefits from income taxation and would not weaken the trust funds as much. But given the temporary nature of the policy, it would increase the deficit-impact of the reconciliation bills without boosting long-run economic growth.

3 min read
State tax trends 2026, unites states tax policy

State Tax Trends to Watch in 2026

State lawmakers around the country have begun their legislative sessions, and many are considering tax reform. This piece highlights some of the areas on which they are likely to focus.

4 min read
Big Beautiful Bill Tax Plan and Senate GOP Tax Plan: Details & Analysis of 2025 Trump Tax Cuts

One Big Beautiful Bill Act Tax Policies: Details and Analysis

Our analysis of the major tax provisions included in the OBBBA finds it will increase long-run GDP by 0.7 percent. The major tax provisions will reduce federal tax revenue by nearly $5.2 trillion between 2025 and 2034, on a conventional basis.

12 min read