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![What is a Tax Refund? Why do I get a tax refund? How much do I owe in taxes? Advance Child Tax Credit Payments IRS Tax Refund Where's my refund? Tax Refund calculator, How much will my tax refund be? Tax withholding calculator, How much taxes did I pay? Form 1040 and W2 IRS tax withholding estimator tool](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Tax-Refund-3-e1583257725729-300x201.jpeg)
Unanswered Questions about Upcoming Advance Child Tax Credit Payments
Amidst the outstanding questions, potential confusion over how advanced child tax credit payments will affect tax refunds, and an incomplete portal to update taxpayer information, the IRS will begin sending payments to millions of households this month.
4 min read![The impact of Biden tax plan by state and congressional district 2021](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/The-impact-of-the-Biden-tax-plan-by-state-and-congressinal-district-2021-01-300x258.jpg)
The Impact of the Biden Administration’s Tax Proposals by State and Congressional District
The redistribution of income from the Biden administration’s tax proposals would involve many winners and losers, not only across different types of taxpayers but also geographically across the country. Launch our new interactive map to see average tax changes by state and congressional district over the budget window from 2022 to 2031.
8 min read![expanded tax credits EITC child tax credit Earned Income Tax Credit SALT deduction](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/capitol-building-66666-linkedin-shared-link-300x157.jpeg)
Trade-offs of Expanding Individual Tax Credits While Repealing SALT Deduction
Expanding the generosity of tax credits for lower-income individuals can help make the tax code more progressive, but it also reduces federal revenue. Pairing a credit expansion with a tax offset may sustain federal revenue but can also hamper economic growth.
3 min read![](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Biden-infrastructure-2-300x210.jpg)
Details and Analysis of President Biden’s FY 2022 Budget Proposals
Explore President Biden budget proposals, including tax and spending in American Jobs Plan and American Families Plan. See Biden tax and spending proposals.
12 min read![Tracking the 2021 Biden Tax Plan](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Tracking-the-2021-Biden-Tax-Plan-e1623778337832-300x226.jpeg)
Tracking the 2021 Biden Tax Plan and Federal Tax Proposals
Taxes are once again at the forefront of the public policy debate as legislators grapple with how to fund new infrastructure spending, among other priorities. Our tax tracker helps you stay up-to-date as new tax plans emerge from the Biden administration and Congress.
1 min read![emergency savings accounts retirement savings accounts Build Back Better plan inflation Build Back Better plan deficit carbon tax reconciliation hr3 tax prescription drugs tax help pay for reconciliation, revenue for federal government retirement savings federal reform proposals SECURE Act Securing a Strong Retirement Act of 2021](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Capitol_money_adobe_trekandphoto_optimized-e1623769427516-300x200.jpeg)
House and Senate Proposals Would Make Incremental Reforms to Retirement Savings
While falling short of comprehensively reforming the complex U.S. retirement savings system, House and Senate lawmakers have proposed bipartisan bills to help simplify and expand access to retirement savings accounts to more workers.
4 min read![Inflation Reduction Act book minimum tax Inflation Reduction Act accelerated depreciation change in corporate tax liablities, book tax, or corporate minimum tax congressional budget office cbo Eliminating the alternative minimum tax eliminating the AMT inflation indexing, inflation adjusting state tax codes, traditional CPI, index brackets for inflation, index for inflation](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/economic-analysis-e1572294890385-300x201.jpeg)
A Closer Look at Eliminating the AMT
In our new Options for Reforming America’s Tax Code 2.0, there are several options that would simplify the tax code, including eliminating the alternative minimum tax (AMT). While this move would remove a source of complexity, policymakers should also consider reforming the deductions that created a justification for the AMT in the first place.
3 min read![American Jobs Plan Tax Biden Infrastructure Plan Details and Analysis Tax Foundation](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Joe-Biden-ARP-300x200.jpg)
Details and Analysis of President Biden’s American Jobs Plan
Details and analysis of the American Jobs Plan tax proposals. Learn more about the major tax changes in the proposed Biden infrastructure plan.
9 min read![Biden budget tax proposals Biden budget child tax credit expansion American Rescue Plan American Families Plan Biden budget tax Treasury Green book revenue proposals](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Biden-child-tax-credit-expansion-American-Rescue-Plan-American-Families-Plan-Biden-budget-tax-Treasury-Green-book-revenue-300x199.png)
Biden Proposals Would Significantly Expand Benefits Administered Through the Tax Code
The Biden administration will have to balance the desire to increase social spending through the tax code with the need to collect revenue and have a tax system that is transparent and easy to understand.
5 min read![Restructure child tax credi restructure earned income tax credit](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/child-tax-credit-3-300x200.jpg)
Closer Look at Option to Restructure EITC/CTC to Help Low-Income Households
We take a closer look at the most extensive of these proposals: restructuring the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) and Child Tax Credit (CTC) based on the Family Security Act proposed by Sen. Mitt Romney (R-UT) in February.
3 min read![Montana tax reform Gianforte tax reform (Gov Gianforte reform)](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Montana_State_Capitol_Building_pabrady63_adobe_optimized-e1622559841432-300x200.jpeg)
Montana Adopts Individual and Corporate Income Tax Reform
Montana adopted structural reforms to both individual and corporate income taxes during the recently adjourned legislative session, enacting three bills reducing individual tax rates, simplifying the state’s individual tax system, repealing 16 tax credits, and changing the apportionment factor for corporate income tax.
5 min read![Tax Relief for Families in Europe 2021 countries provide tax relief for families vs single worker without children](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Tax-Relief-for-Families-in-Europe-2021-countries-provide-tax-relief-for-families-vs-single-worker-without-children-300x290.png)
Tax Relief for Families in Europe
Most countries provide tax relief to families with children—typically through targeted tax breaks that lower income taxes. While all European OECD countries provide tax relief for families, its extent varies substantially across countries.
2 min read![2021 tax filing season complexity and compliance 2021 tax season, tax refunds, IRS extends tax filing deadline to May 17](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/tax-filing-tax-work-1040-300x159.png)
Tax Foundation Webinar Recaps the Complexities of the 2021 Tax Filing Season
During the pandemic, economic relief administered through the tax code exploded as Congress passed nearly $6 trillion of legislation into law. That left the 2021 tax filing season, which ended May 17, with complications that still linger.
4 min read![The federal tax system is progressive overall. Are federal taxes progressive? Explore federal taxes and transfers data (federal taxes progressive and federal tax system progressive data)](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/The-federal-tax-system-is-progressive-overall.-Are-federal-taxes-progressive-Explore-more-on-federal-taxes-and-transfers-federal-tax-system-progressive-300x216.png)
Joint Committee on Taxation Data Shows Federal Tax System Is Progressive
New Joint Committee on Taxation (JCT) data indicates that the federal tax system is progressive, consistent with similar analysis by the Congressional Budget Office (CBO), and the OECD.
2 min read![Top statutory personal income tax rates in Europe 2021](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Top-statutory-personal-income-tax-rates-in-Europe-2021-300x290.jpg)
Top Personal Income Tax Rates in Europe, 2021
Most countries’ personal income taxes have a progressive structure, meaning that the tax rate paid by individuals increases as they earn higher wages. The highest tax rate individuals pay differs significantly across Europe, with Denmark (55.9 percent), France (55.4 percent), and Austria (55 percent) having the highest top statutory personal income tax rates among European OECD countries.
3 min read![Evaluating Options to Help Low-Income Households Lift After-Tax Incomes](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Evaluating-Options-to-Help-Low-Income-Households-Lift-After-Tax-Incomes-Child-Family-e1620064468682-300x200.jpeg)
Evaluating Options to Help Low-Income Households
While strong economic growth—fueled by higher levels of investment, productivity, and jobs—will lift after-tax incomes over time, policies that provide relief by immediately boosting after-tax incomes of lower-income households are also available. As lawmakers consider such policies, they should keep in mind the trade-offs among them.
4 min read![State and local tax deduction (SALT deduction) SALT cap repeal details and analysis](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/us-capitol-3333-300x294.jpg)
Relaxing State and Local Tax Deduction Cap Would Make Tax Code Less Progressive
As President Biden’s tax plans are considered in Congress, the future of the $10,000 cap for state and local tax deductions (SALT) is becoming an important part of the tax debate.
3 min read![American Jobs Plan Tax Biden Infrastructure Plan Details and Analysis Tax Foundation](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Joe-Biden-ARP-300x200.jpg)
Tax Policy in the First 100 Days of the Biden Administration
In his first 100 days as president, Joe Biden has proposed more than a dozen significant changes to the U.S. tax code that would raise upwards of $3 trillion in revenue and reduce incentives to invest, save, and work in the United States.
4 min read![Inflation Reduction Act book minimum tax Inflation Reduction Act accelerated depreciation change in corporate tax liablities, book tax, or corporate minimum tax congressional budget office cbo Eliminating the alternative minimum tax eliminating the AMT inflation indexing, inflation adjusting state tax codes, traditional CPI, index brackets for inflation, index for inflation](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/economic-analysis-e1572294890385-300x201.jpeg)