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![Washington State capital gains tax Washington capital gains tax proposal head tax Washington state ballot measures, 2019 Washington state tax voting issues, Washington state tax ballot measures november election 2019](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/Seattle-Washington-e1571160112866-300x200.jpg)
![Comparing Property Tax Systems in Europe, 2021 Comparing Europes Tax Systems Property Tax Systems Best and Worst Property Tax Systems](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Comparing-Property-Tax-Systems-in-Europe-2021-Comparing-Europes-Tax-Systems-Property-Tax-Systems-Best-and-Worst-Property-Tax-Systems-300x289.png)
Comparing Europe’s Tax Systems: Property Taxes
According to the 2021 International Tax Competitiveness Index, Switzerland has the best-structured consumption tax among OECD countries while Poland has the worst-structured consumption tax code.
2 min read![2022 State Business Tax Climate Index 2022 State Tax Rankings and 2022 State Business Rankings](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/2022-State-Business-Tax-Climate-Index-Social-01-300x157.jpg)
2022 State Business Tax Climate Index
While there are many ways to show how much is collected in taxes by state governments, our State Business Tax Climate Index is designed to show how well states structure their tax systems and provides a road map for improvement.
169 min read![Permanent Build Back Better middle class tax hike Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, Tax Reform](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Capitol-washington-dc-300x240.jpg)
Permanent Build Back Better Act Would Likely Require Large Tax Increases on the Middle Class
Policymakers and taxpayers should understand the scope of tax changes necessary to fully pay for the large-scale social spending programs that would be initiated under the Build Back Better Act.
6 min read![Spain tax reform committee Spain Eurozone taxes Spain start-up law tax proposal investors entrepreneurs Spain startup law tax plan](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Spain-start-up-law-tax-proposal-investors-entrepreneurs-Spain-startup-law-tax-plan-e1639595092641-300x199.jpg)
Patching Spain’s Tax Code Won’t Attract Investors
Spain should follow the example of Madrid, the country’s most competitive region. A more efficient income tax system is a better objective than just focusing on incentives for foreigners to change their tax residence.
5 min read![Who really pays tariffs? Who actually pays tariffs? US or China? Biden tariffs and Trump tariffs impact on consumers, tariffs on steel and aluminum, tariffs on washing machines, tariffs on solar panels tariffs impact on consumers](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Solar-panels-green-energy-investment-climate-change-mitigation-e1639063929172-300x200.jpeg)
Who Really Pays the Tariffs? U.S. Firms and Consumers, Through Higher Prices
The bulk of economic evidence shows for most of the new tariffs imposed under the Trump administration, U.S. firms or consumers bore 100 percent, or even more, of the burden through lower profits or higher retail prices.
5 min read![emergency savings accounts retirement savings accounts Build Back Better plan inflation Build Back Better plan deficit carbon tax reconciliation hr3 tax prescription drugs tax help pay for reconciliation, revenue for federal government retirement savings federal reform proposals SECURE Act Securing a Strong Retirement Act of 2021](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Capitol_money_adobe_trekandphoto_optimized-e1623769427516-300x200.jpeg)
Build Back Better Budget Deficits Could Mean More Inflation, More Policy Uncertainty
As the Senate weighs changes to the spending and tax portions of the Build Back Better Act, the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) and Tax Foundation find the bill would increase the cumulative budget deficit over the next 10 years—contrary to claims the legislation is “fully paid for.”
4 min read![Ways & means tax proposal seeks to combat extraterritorial taxes and discriminatory taxes Global minimum tax revenue OECD Pillar Two revenue OECD impact assessment OECD Pillar One tax Pillar one amount a Biden interest limitation Biden interest deduction rule Biden interest expense limitation Business interest expense limitation Democrat Senate international tax overhaul discussion draft legislation (Wyden Brown Warner international tax overhaul) or Sen Wyden international tax plan,](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/global-international-map-us-e1630689247673-300x200.jpg)
The Interest Limitation Pile-On
As Congress contemplates adding a new worldwide interest limitation rule as part of the House Build Back Better Act, it is useful to consider the potential effects of this proposal as well as whether it is necessary to add this on top of the U.S.’s existing restrictions on the value of interest deductions.
8 min read![Arkansas income tax cuts Arkansas tax reform Arkansas income tax reform Arkansas income tax cuts 2021 Arkansas remote work Arkansas convenience rule Arkansas Senate Bill 484 Tax Foundation testimony Arkansas Lieutenant Governor Looks to Eliminate Income Tax, Arkansas Lieutenant Governor Tim Griffin proposal to eliminate Arkansas income tax](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Arkansas_capitol_building_3_1_50-e1608153883168-300x200.jpeg)
Arkansas’s Sustainable Tax Reform: A Gift That Will Keep On Giving
Faced not only with immediate surpluses but with the expectation of sustained revenue growth in coming years, Arkansas policymakers have chosen to return some of the additional revenue to taxpayers in the form of individual and corporate income tax rate reductions, with additional rate cuts if future revenues permit.
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Book Minimum Tax versus Corporate Rate Increase: Pick Your Poison
While the book minimum tax is smaller in scale than the proposed original corporate rate increases, it would introduce more complexity, inefficiency, and problems at the industry- and sector-levels that a corporate rate increase would not. Neither option is an optimal way to raise new tax revenues.
4 min read