The Congressional Budget Office (CBO) has released their estimate of the economic impact of the President’s 2013 budget. It’s not good. It’s not even good relative to Taxmageddon, which is the roughly $500 billion taxA tax is a mandatory payment or charge collected by local, state, and national governments from individuals or businesses to cover the costs of general government services, goods, and activities. increase scheduled to happen at the end of this year due to expiring provisions such as the Bush tax cuts, the payroll taxA payroll tax is a tax paid on the wages and salaries of employees to finance social insurance programs like Social Security, Medicare, and unemployment insurance. Payroll taxes are social insurance taxes that comprise 24.8 percent of combined federal, state, and local government revenue, the second largest source of that combined tax revenue. holiday, and the Alternative Minimum Tax (AMT) patch. Taxmageddon is what the CBO calls their Baseline scenario, because it is current law.
If the Baseline scenario is Taxmageddon, then the President’s budget is a hellish after-life. It heaps additional taxes on high-income earners, which severely damages long term economic growth as it causes less saving and investment. In the short term, things look rosier, relative to Taxmageddon, as a result of additional spending, mainly on transfer payments not investment, and an extension of the AMT patch. In other words, it is a giant cash for clunkers program, shifting future economic growth into the present. This is how the CBO describes it:
“CBO estimates that the President’s budgetary proposals would boost overall output initially but reduce it in later years. For the 2013-2017 period, under most of the estimates CBO produced using alternative models and assumptions, the President’s proposals would increase real (inflationInflation is when the general price of goods and services increases across the economy, reducing the purchasing power of a currency and the value of certain assets. The same paycheck covers less goods, services, and bills. It is sometimes referred to as a “hidden tax,” as it leaves taxpayers less well-off due to higher costs and “bracket creep,” while increasing the government’s spending power. -adjusted) output (relative to that under current law) primarily because taxes would be lower than those under current law, and, therefore, people’s disposable income and their demand for goods and services would be greater. Over time, however, the proposals would reduce real output (relative to that under current law) because the deficits would exceed those projected under current law, and the effects of increasing government debt would more than offset the favorable effects of lower marginal tax rates on labor income.
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The President’s budgetary policies would influence the size of the nation’s capital stock primarily by lowering national saving through higher federal budget deficits. Each year between 2013 and 2022, the proposals would expand the federal deficit relative to that in CBO’s baseline, which would reduce national saving, other things being equal. (Some-but not all-of the relative reduction in public saving would be offset by an increase in private saving, in part because larger deficits would cause interest rates to be higher and because households and businesses would anticipate higher taxes and lower transfers in the future.) The President’s tax proposals would also affect private saving by altering effective marginal tax rates on capital income and thus the after-tax rate of return on saving.”
Below are two graphs showing the CBO’s projection of effective tax rates on capital and labor under the two scenarios. Both scenarios are horrible, but the President’s budget makes things a little more horrible for investors and a little less horrible for workers, i.e. relative to Taxmageddon.
However, the third graph, taken from Steve Landsburg’s blog and David Weil’s text book on economic growth, illustrates that capital and labor are closely linked. This is physical capital, such as computers and buildings. The graph clearly shows that high wages require high capital investment. Think of trying to do what you do with a typewriter rather than a computer. As we can see, the game of short term stimulus at the expense of long term investment is one that ultimately hurts workers.
Follow William McBride on Twitter @EconoWill
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