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Evaluating the Trade-offs of Small Business Relief Provisions of the CARES Act

The small business provisions in the CARES Act support small businesses and nonprofits seeking economic relief during this downturn. However, creating multiple programs with overlapping purposes and differing qualification requirements makes relief more complicated, vague, and not neutral.

6 min read
Federal deductibility SBA Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) in the CARES Act. Small Business Administration Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) in the CARES Act

Understanding the Paycheck Protection Program in the CARES Act

Many small business owners are seeking guidance as they apply for loans backed by the Small Business Administration (SBA) to help maintain cash flow and retain workers even as more states announce new quarantine and shelter-in-place orders.

5 min read
Business taxes, business tax, consumer, shareholders,, economic progress

Business in America

Who are the workers, consumers, and shareholders who interact with businesses in the U.S.? What forms do these businesses take? How do business taxes impact people’s lives? It is essential we answer these questions in order to design a business tax system that is simple, efficient, and enables economic progress.

5 min read
GDP and employment by type, The education, healthcare, social assistance industries employ the most workers, educational services, arts, entertainment, recreation, food service, finance, insurance, real estate, transportation, wholesale trade, agriculture, forestry, fishing, hunting, mining, utilities, Service industries are the largest segment of the U.S. economy, finance, insurance, real estate, professional and business services, manufacturing, educational services, healthcare, wholesale, retail, arts, entertainment, food services, transportation, mining, utilities, agriculture, fishing, hunting

2017 GDP and Employment by Industry

In the U.S. economy, there are tens of millions of businesses, including more than 30 million pass-through businesses and more than a million C corporations. Most output and employment come from firms that provide services to consumers—such as education, health care, and social assistance services—though a large share of output and employment still comes from firms in production industries, particularly manufacturing.

2 min read
Less than one percent of businesses employ almost half of the private sector workforce, business employment, employment and taxes

Firm Variation by Employment and Taxes

Less than one percent of businesses employ almost half of the private sector workforce. Large companies pay 89% of corporate income taxes in the United States.

2 min read
more business income is reported on individual tax returns than corporate returns, pass-through business income, business tax returns, corporate tax returns

Corporate and Pass-through Business Income and Returns Since 1980

More business income is reported on individual tax returns than corporate returns. The U.S. now has fewer corporations and more individually owned businesses. Corporations make up less than 5 percent of businesses but earn 60 percent of revenues.

3 min read
South Carolina Tax Reform

South Carolina: A Road Map For Tax Reform

South Carolina is by no means a high tax state, though it can feel that way for certain taxpayers. The problems with South Carolina’s tax code come down to poor tax structure. Explore our new comprehensive guide to see how South Carolina can achieve meaningful tax reform.

16 min read
Inflation Reduction Act book minimum tax Inflation Reduction Act accelerated depreciation change in corporate tax liablities, book tax, or corporate minimum tax congressional budget office cbo Eliminating the alternative minimum tax eliminating the AMT inflation indexing, inflation adjusting state tax codes, traditional CPI, index brackets for inflation, index for inflation

Reforming the Pass-Through Deduction

Here’s how the new pass-through deduction works and how it can be reformed to be less complex, less prone to abuse, more neutral, and more economically efficient.

49 min read
Illinois income tax pass-through

Will Illinois Double Down on High Taxes?

Amending the Illinois constitution and adopting a graduated-rate income tax cannot solve the state’s fundamental problems. Instead, it doubles down on an already uncompetitive tax code.

16 min read
Sources of Personal Income 2015 Update

Sources of Personal Income, Tax Year 2015

Taxpayers reported $10.4 trillion of total income on their 2015 tax returns. This report breaks down the sources of this income: wages and salaries, business income, investment income, and retirement income.

9 min read