Carbon Tax Resource Center

Carbon Tax Research & Analysis

Greenhouse gas emissions—foremost carbon dioxide (CO2) but also methane, nitrous oxide, and F-gases—have been driving changes in global temperatures, imposing costs on economic, human, and natural systems. A carbon tax is a form of carbon pricing and, as a market-based approach, it is generally seen as a cost-effective way to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The tax is levied on the carbon content of fossil fuels. The term can also refer to taxing other types of greenhouse gas emissions, such as methane. A carbon tax puts a price on those emissions to encourage consumers, businesses, and governments to produce less of them. 

Amidst bipartisan climate negotiations on Capitol Hill, there have been renewed calls for a carbon tax. Carbon taxes have long been magnets for political controversy. But from an economic standpoint, they deserve to be taken seriously. And as with anything in tax policy, the details and design matter greatly. Federal policy analyst Alex Muresianu recently joined Jesse Solis on The Deduction podcast to talk through the history of climate tax policy, how a pro-growth carbon tax could be designed, and what its chances in DC actually are as the climate crisis worsens.

The economic theory behind such taxes is simple, but transforming the theory into a real-world policy is more challenging. You can learn more about carbon tax basics, the distributional and economic implications of a the tax, and relevant carbon policies and proposals across the globe, including those in Finland and Sweden, which were the first carbon taxes enacted in the world.

 

In the Shadow of T-TIP: Why Congress Should Care About EU Tax and Trade Issues in 2023

January 12, 2023

The EU’s unilateral approach with carbon taxes, faster track on the global minimum tax, and threat of renewed efforts on DSTs means that U.S. policymakers face some hard choices. Policymakers on both sides of the Atlantic should keep in mind pro-growth tax and trade principles that promote a rules-based international order and increase opportunity.

What the EU’s Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism Means for Europe and the United States

April 26, 2023

The growing number of competing climate policies between the EU and U.S., such as tax provisions in the Inflation Reduction Act, could present policymakers on both sides of the Atlantic with the opportunity to work together against economic rivals such as China and Russia.

How the Inflation Reduction Act Affects the Future of U.S.-EU Tax and Trade Cooperation

November 9, 2022

the Inflation Reduction Act gives us a glimpse into a future where the U.S. and EU opt for protectionist tax and trade policies rather than implementing principled tax policies and reducing trade barriers between allies.

Carbon Taxes, Trade, and American Competitiveness

November 3, 2022

A border-adjusted carbon tax that uses some of the revenue for pro-investment tax reform could improve U.S. more competitiveness while also addressing concerns with a carbon tax.

A Carbon Tax, Explained

October 25, 2022

Every policy has trade-offs, but a well-designed carbon tax has the potential to protect the environment without harming consumers, jobs, or businesses.

The Sticks: Inflation Reduction Act’s Energy-Related Tax Increases

September 22, 2022

The Inflation Reduction Act primarily uses carrots, not sticks, to incentivize reductions in carbon emissions. It creates or expands tax credits for various low- or no-emission technologies, rather than imposing a generalized penalty for emissions, such as a carbon tax.

Breaking Down the Inflation Reduction Act’s Green Energy Tax Credits

September 14, 2022

The Inflation Reduction Act created numerous tax subsidy programs intended to accelerate the transition to a greener economy.

Carbon Taxes in the Global Market: Changes on the Way?

June 27, 2022

As policymakers on both sides of the Atlantic debate the way forward on carbon border adjustment mechanisms, it is important to keep principles of good tax policy in mind.

Carbon Taxes and the Future of Green Tax Reform

June 21, 2022

Our new analysis reviews the basic structure of carbon taxes, how they compare to the existing set of climate policies, and how they could fit into various pro-growth tax reform packages.

Carbon Taxes in Europe

June 14, 2022

In recent years, several countries have taken measures to reduce carbon emissions, including instituting environmental regulations, emissions trading systems, and carbon taxes. In 1990, Finland was the world’s first country to introduce a carbon tax.

Russia’s Ukrainian War Could Impact EU Carbon Proposal Too

March 18, 2022

Given the uncertainty surrounding the war in Ukraine, future trade relations with Russia, and the overall CBAM revenue structure. The EU will need to adjust policy when challenges arise as it looks to increase its role in fiscal affairs through new own resources.

Options for Reforming America’s Tax Code 2.0

April 19, 2021

To assist lawmakers in navigating the current tax reform conversations, we modeled how 70 different changes to the U.S. tax code would affect the U.S. economy, federal tax revenue, and the distribution of the tax burden.

Excise Tax Application and Trends

March 16, 2021

The excise tax family is growing. Over the last decade, several products have become subject to excise taxes or are in the process of becoming so. Given this development, it is more crucial than ever that lawmakers, businesses, and consumers understand the possibilities and, more importantly, limitations of excise tax application.

Looking Back on 30 Years of Carbon Taxes in Sweden

September 23, 2020

Implemented in 1991, Sweden’s carbon tax was one of the first in the world. Since then, Sweden’s carbon emissions have been declining, while there has been steady economic growth. Today, Sweden levies the highest carbon tax rate in the world and its carbon tax revenues have been decreasing slightly over the last decade.

In the Shadow of T-TIP: Why Congress Should Care About EU Tax and Trade Issues in 2023

January 12, 2023

The EU’s unilateral approach with carbon taxes, faster track on the global minimum tax, and threat of renewed efforts on DSTs means that U.S. policymakers face some hard choices. Policymakers on both sides of the Atlantic should keep in mind pro-growth tax and trade principles that promote a rules-based international order and increase opportunity.

What the EU’s Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism Means for Europe and the United States

April 26, 2023

The growing number of competing climate policies between the EU and U.S., such as tax provisions in the Inflation Reduction Act, could present policymakers on both sides of the Atlantic with the opportunity to work together against economic rivals such as China and Russia.

How the Inflation Reduction Act Affects the Future of U.S.-EU Tax and Trade Cooperation

November 9, 2022

the Inflation Reduction Act gives us a glimpse into a future where the U.S. and EU opt for protectionist tax and trade policies rather than implementing principled tax policies and reducing trade barriers between allies.

Carbon Taxes, Trade, and American Competitiveness

November 3, 2022

A border-adjusted carbon tax that uses some of the revenue for pro-investment tax reform could improve U.S. more competitiveness while also addressing concerns with a carbon tax.

A Carbon Tax, Explained

October 25, 2022

Every policy has trade-offs, but a well-designed carbon tax has the potential to protect the environment without harming consumers, jobs, or businesses.

The Sticks: Inflation Reduction Act’s Energy-Related Tax Increases

September 22, 2022

The Inflation Reduction Act primarily uses carrots, not sticks, to incentivize reductions in carbon emissions. It creates or expands tax credits for various low- or no-emission technologies, rather than imposing a generalized penalty for emissions, such as a carbon tax.

Breaking Down the Inflation Reduction Act’s Green Energy Tax Credits

September 14, 2022

The Inflation Reduction Act created numerous tax subsidy programs intended to accelerate the transition to a greener economy.

Carbon Taxes in the Global Market: Changes on the Way?

June 27, 2022

As policymakers on both sides of the Atlantic debate the way forward on carbon border adjustment mechanisms, it is important to keep principles of good tax policy in mind.

Carbon Taxes and the Future of Green Tax Reform

June 21, 2022

Our new analysis reviews the basic structure of carbon taxes, how they compare to the existing set of climate policies, and how they could fit into various pro-growth tax reform packages.

Carbon Taxes in Europe

June 14, 2022

In recent years, several countries have taken measures to reduce carbon emissions, including instituting environmental regulations, emissions trading systems, and carbon taxes. In 1990, Finland was the world’s first country to introduce a carbon tax.

Russia’s Ukrainian War Could Impact EU Carbon Proposal Too

March 18, 2022

Given the uncertainty surrounding the war in Ukraine, future trade relations with Russia, and the overall CBAM revenue structure. The EU will need to adjust policy when challenges arise as it looks to increase its role in fiscal affairs through new own resources.

Options for Reforming America’s Tax Code 2.0

April 19, 2021

To assist lawmakers in navigating the current tax reform conversations, we modeled how 70 different changes to the U.S. tax code would affect the U.S. economy, federal tax revenue, and the distribution of the tax burden.

Excise Tax Application and Trends

March 16, 2021

The excise tax family is growing. Over the last decade, several products have become subject to excise taxes or are in the process of becoming so. Given this development, it is more crucial than ever that lawmakers, businesses, and consumers understand the possibilities and, more importantly, limitations of excise tax application.

Looking Back on 30 Years of Carbon Taxes in Sweden

September 23, 2020

Implemented in 1991, Sweden’s carbon tax was one of the first in the world. Since then, Sweden’s carbon emissions have been declining, while there has been steady economic growth. Today, Sweden levies the highest carbon tax rate in the world and its carbon tax revenues have been decreasing slightly over the last decade.