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The Tax Foundation is the world’s leading independent tax policy 501(c)(3) nonprofit. For over 80 years, our mission has remained the same: to improve lives through tax policies that lead to greater economic growth and opportunity.

Our Center for Federal Tax PolicyCenter for State Tax Policy, and Center for Global Tax Policy each produce timely and high-quality research and analysis that influences the debate toward economically principled tax policies. Our experts are continuously analyzing the day’s most relevant tax policy topics and are relied upon routinely for presentations, testimony, and media appearances on tax issues spanning every level of government.

Likewise, providing journalists, taxpayers, and policymakers with basic data on taxes and spending has been a cornerstone of the Tax Foundation’s educational mission since its founding. As we wrote in our first edition of Facts & Figures in 1941, “Facts give a broader perspective; facts dissipate predilections and prejudices…[and are] an important step to meet the challenge presented by the broad problems of public finance.”

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Individual taxes are the most important US tax revenue source us tax revenue by tax type sources of us government revenue

Sources of Government Revenue in the OECD, 2023

Designing tax policy in a way that sustainably finances government activities while minimizing distortions is important for supporting a productive economy.

2023 corporate tax rates in Europe compare corporate income tax rates in Europe Corporate tax rates Europe

2023 Corporate Income Tax Rates in Europe

Taking into account central and subcentral taxes, Portugal has the highest corporate tax rate in Europe at 31.5 percent, followed by Germany and Italy at 29.8 percent and 27.8 percent, respectively

2022 State & 2022 sales tax, Local Sales Tax Rates, 2022 State Sales Tax Rates, 2022 Local Sales Tax rates

State and Local Sales Tax Rates, 2023

While many factors influence business location and investment decisions, sales taxes are something within policymakers’ control that can have immediate impacts.

2023 VAT rates in Europe, 2023 VAT rates by country, 2023 value-added tax rates in Europe and 2023 value-added tax rates by country

2023 VAT Rates in Europe

The EU countries with the highest standard VAT rates are Hungary (27 percent), Croatia, Denmark, and Sweden (all at 25 percent). Luxembourg levies the lowest standard VAT rate at 16 percent, followed by Malta (18 percent), Cyprus, Germany, and Romania (all at 19 percent).

2023 state corporate income tax rates and brackets see state corporate tax rates by state

State Corporate Income Tax Rates and Brackets for 2023

New Jersey levies the highest top statutory corporate tax rate at 11.5 percent, followed by Minnesota (9.8 percent) and Illinois (9.50 percent). Alaska and Pennsylvania levy top statutory corporate tax rates of 9.40 percent and 8.99 percent, respectively.

Actionable VAT Policy Gap in Europe including VAT gap and VAT revenue potential in Europe

Actionable VAT Policy Gap in Europe

Value-added taxes (VAT) make up approximately one-fifth of total tax revenues in Europe. However, European countries differ significantly in how efficiently they raise VAT revenues. One way to measure a country’s VAT efficiency is the VAT Gap.

The top 1 percent of taxpayers pay about 25 percent of all federal taxes US progressive tax code

CBO Analysis Finds Income Growth and Progressive Tax Code in 2019

Newly published data from the CBO indicates in 2019, before the onset of the pandemic, American incomes continued to rise as part of a broad economic expansion. It also shows that, contrary to common perceptions, the federal tax system is progressive.

VAT Expansion and Labor Tax Cuts

Since VAT revenues are such a significant and stable contributor to overall government revenues, EU policymakers should pay particular attention to how efficiently those revenues are raised.

2022 State Population Change 2022 state migration trends. Americans moving to low-tax states united van lines u-haul census data

Americans Moved to Low-Tax States in 2022

The pandemic has accelerated changes to the way we live and work, making it far easier for people to move—and they have. As states work to maintain their competitive advantage, they should pay attention to where people are moving, and try to understand why.

Wireless taxes cell phone tax rates by state 2022 taxes, fees, and surcharges on wireless service

Excise Taxes and Fees on Wireless Services Increase Again in 2022

While the wireless market has become increasingly competitive in recent years, resulting in steady declines in the average price for wireless services, the price reduction for consumers has been partially offset by higher taxes.

Corporate Tax Rates around the World, 2022

A new report shows that corporate tax rates around the world continue to level off. “We aren’t seeing a race to the bottom, we’re seeing a race toward the middle,” said Sean Bray, EU policy analyst at the Tax Foundation.

How does your state rank on corporate taxes Compare state corporate tax component on the 2023 State Business Tax Climate Index. Explore 2023 state corporate tax rank by state and year

Ranking State Tax Systems: Corporate Taxes

All corporate income taxes fall on capital investment, but the structure should not make matters worse, and policymakers should take care not to distort investment decisions through the use of targeted incentives for select firms or activities instead of a lower rate for all businesses.

Comparing income tax systems in Europe best and worst personal income taxes Europe 2022

Comparing Europe’s Tax Systems: Individual Taxes

France’s individual income tax system is the least competitive among OECD countries. France’s top marginal tax rate of 45.9 percent is applied at 14.7 times the average national income. Additionally, a 9.7 surtax is applied to those at the upper end of the income distribution. Capital gains and dividends are both taxed at comparably high top rates of 34 percent.

Latest IRS data of federal estate tax returns and federal real estate taxes

Putting a Face on America’s Estate Tax Returns

While supporters of the federal estate tax may be correct that only a fraction of estate tax returns eventually pays the estate tax, IRS data shows that it disproportionately impacts estates tied to successful privately owned businesses. Thus, it acts as a second or third layer of federal tax on these successful businesses over the owners’ lifetime.