When Corporations Leave So Does Tax Revenue September 25, 2013 William McBride William McBride Following up on yesterday’s story about Applied Materials moving to the Netherlands, the following is a look at just how much tax revenue the U.S. stands to lose in the deal. The Wall Street Journal reports that the company expects to reduce their tax rate from 22 percent to 17 percent, due to lower taxes in the Netherlands, making everyone a winner except the U.S. Treasury and the revenue departments of California and other states in which the company operates. The table below shows Applied Material’s earnings and taxes paid over the last six years. The company earns on average about one third of their profits from abroad, $417 million per year. As a U.S. company, Applied Materials owed U.S. tax on all foreign earnings. That tax base just disappeared entirely, for U.S. purposes. It is hard to say how much lost tax revenue this represents for the U.S., since it depends on the amount of foreign taxes paid and how the company ordered their affairs. Since the company had a foreign tax rate of about 27 percent on average, and they were given a foreign tax credit for that amount against the U.S. federal tax rate of 35 percent, the U.S. probably was getting about 5 to 10 percent of any repatriated foreign earnings. So, roughly speaking, that amounts to about $20 to $40 million in lost U.S. tax revenue per year as a result of this deal, assuming the company would eventually repatriate their foreign earnings. Further, for the most part this tax revenue is not shifted to the Netherlands, since the Netherlands largely exempts foreign earnings from domestic tax. This is probably the biggest source of tax savings in this deal. It also explains why so many U.S. companies with foreign earnings have been merging with foreign companies and moving abroad. Virtually every developed country outside the U.S. exempts foreign earnings to a large degree. Another source of tax savings is that some of the U.S. earnings will shift to the Netherlands. Although the CEO is moving from California to Tokyo, apparently, many other headquarters jobs will likely move to the Netherlands, as well as other operations such as R&D, supply chain and logistics, marketing, etc. This doesn’t mean everyone packs up and leaves, necessarily, but it could mean layoffs in California and new hires in the Netherlands. As well, much of the intellectual property will likely find its way to the Netherlands, and perhaps some of the manufacturing. There are substantial tax reasons for doing this. The Netherlands has a) a statutory corporate tax rate of 25 percent, compared to 39 percent in the U.S., b) the most generous write offs for plant and equipment in the developed world, and c) various R&D incentives, such as an “innovation box.” These likely add up to tremendous tax savings. If we assume the company eventually moves half its earnings to the Netherlands, or about $411 million per year, it means the U.S. will lose about $111 million per year in corporate tax revenue, bringing the total loss of corporate tax revenue (including from foreign earnings) to about $130 to $150 million. This doesn’t count the loss of payroll and personal income tax revenue from the lost jobs, or the loss of sales and property tax revenue for state and local governments, which likely far outweighs the corporate tax revenue losses. In short, this is the type of corporate tax base erosion that should be most worrying, from a U.S. perspective. We can directly address it by reducing our corporate taxes to something approaching the average among developed countries. Applied Materials: Earnings and Income Taxes All amount are in Millions of $ Year 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 Total Average Earnings before Income Taxes US 381 1,257 787 -555 1,022 2,047 4,939 823 Foreign -65 1,121 600 70 387 392 2,505 417 Combined Earnings 316 2,378 1,387 -486 1,409 2,440 7,444 1,241 (Provision for) Income Taxes US 126 195 303 -171 310 573 1,335 223 Foreign 71 183 138 33 139 116 681 113 State 10 74 8 -42 -1 40 89 15 Combined Tax Burden 207 452 449 -180 448 729 2,105 351 Net Income 109 1,926 938 -305 961 1,710 5,339 890 Follow William McBride on Twitter Stay informed on the tax policies impacting you. Subscribe to get insights from our trusted experts delivered straight to your inbox. Subscribe Share Tweet Share Email Topics Center for Federal Tax Policy Center for State Tax Policy Business Taxes Corporate Income Taxes International Taxes