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What’s Next for Tax Competition?
The rules of tax competition are changing with the recent agreement on a global minimum tax and other changes to tax rules around the world, but that does not mean the contest is over.
5 min read![](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/AdobeStock_430722239-300x190.jpeg)
Assessing the EU Tax Observatory’s View on Profit Shifting and the Global Minimum Tax
The EU Tax Observatory has taken an extreme view in assessing the global minimum tax. The rules were not meant to immediately reduce the stock of shifted profits or align profitability levels more closely with employment costs. The rules do change incentives for multinationals, but profits may continue to remain in low-tax jurisdictions for many years.
6 min read![Future of EU tax policy full expensing cost recovery corporate taxation](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/EU-tax-policy-2-300x199.jpg)
Is EU VAT Compliance Actually Improving?
While the European Commission focuses on improving VAT compliance, policy is a major contributor to VAT revenue losses. The VAT actionable policy gap is 15.65 percent, more than triple the compliance gap.
5 min read![Comparing income tax systems in Europe as of 2023 including income taxes in Europe data](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/ITCI23_Individual-300x259.png)
Comparing Europe’s Tax Systems: Individual Taxes
Estonia has the most competitive individual tax system in the OECD for the 10th consecutive year.
2 min read![UK Business Investment Increases After Pro-Growth Tax Reforms](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/AdobeStock_108472954-300x193.jpeg)
Investment in the United Kingdom Increased following Pro-Investment Tax Reforms
The UK economy is experiencing an upsurge in business fixed investment following two pro-growth tax changes. In the second quarter of 2023, business investment was 9.4 percent higher than the same quarter last year.
10 min read![Comparing Corporate Tax Systems in Europe Corporate Tax Complexity and Compliance](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/ITCI23_CIT-300x259.png)
Comparing Europe’s Tax Systems: Corporate Taxes
According to the corporate tax component of the 2023 International Tax Competitiveness Index, Latvia and Estonia have the best corporate tax systems in the OECD.
2 min read![CCCTB vs. BEFIT: EU Corporate Tax Base: Details & Analysis](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/European-Union-tax-proposal-EU-flag-300x199.jpeg)
European Tax Policy Scorecard: Capital Cost Recovery under BEFIT versus Current Member State Policies
A harmonized EU tax base is a project in the making. Policymakers have a chance to put the Union on a path for increased investment and economic growth by focusing on the details of capital cost recovery.
3 min read![2023 European Tax Policy Scorecard Tax Foundation Europe](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/23Scorecard-Social_Twitx-300x169.png)
2023 European Tax Policy Scorecard
The variety of approaches to taxation among European countries creates a need to evaluate these systems relative to each other. For that purpose, we have developed the European Tax Policy Scorecard—a relative comparison of European countries’ tax systems.
52 min read![CCCTB vs. BEFIT: EU Corporate Tax Base: Details & Analysis](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/European-Union-tax-proposal-EU-flag-300x199.jpeg)
CCCTB vs. BEFIT: How Have the Proposals Changed?
If the EU is going to harmonize its tax base, it should do so in a way that increases the efficiency and competitiveness of tax policy for the EU as a whole, and not just seek out the lowest common denominator.
5 min read![Real Property Taxes in Europe as of 2023 Tax Foundation European OECD Data of Real Property Tax Rates in Europe](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Property_Taxes_2023-300x259.png)
Real Property Taxes in Europe
High property taxes levied not only on land but also on buildings and structures can discourage investment in infrastructure, which businesses would have to pay additional tax on.
2 min read