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2023 Spanish Regional Tax Competitiveness Index
The 2023 Spanish Regional Tax Competitiveness Index allows policymakers and taxpayers to evaluate and measure how their regions’ tax systems compare.
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It Pays to Keep It Simple
Simplicity in the tax code means taxes should be easy for taxpayers to pay and easy for governments to administer and collect.
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Cigarette Taxes in Europe
2 min read![Details and analysis of European Tax Trends and European Tax Reforms](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Tax-Trends-in-European-Countries-300x200.jpeg)
Tax Trends in European Countries
In recent years, European countries have undertaken a series of tax reforms designed to maintain tax revenue levels while protecting households and businesses from high inflation.
8 min read![EU BEFIT proposal for Business in Europe Framework for Income Taxation](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/EU-BEFIT-proposal-for-Business-in-Europe-Framework-for-Income-Taxation-300x200.jpeg)
BEFIT: One-Stop-Shop or One-More-Stop?
On 12 September, the European Commission released a proposal called “Business in Europe: Framework for Income Taxation” (BEFIT) and two associated proposals on transfer pricing and a Head of Office tax system.
6 min read![Beer taxes in europe, including 2023 excise duty on beer in Europe for Oktoberfest](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Beer_EU_2023-300x259.png)
Beer Taxes in Europe
As Oktoberfest celebrations kick off around the world, let’s look at how much tax European Union (EU) countries add to the world’s favorite alcoholic beverage.
2 min read![2023 Spain election tax reforms and tax policy implications of 2023 Spanish elections](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/Spain-election-tax-implications-2023-e1688075068250-300x197.jpg)
The Tax Policy Implications of the Spanish Elections at the Regional, National, and European Levels
The Spanish election results are moving the country away from pro-growth tax reforms while launching the government’s tax agenda, and the agenda of the Spanish presidency of the Council of the European Union, into uncertainty.
7 min read![2023 carbon tax rates in Europe and other information related to carbon taxes in Europe](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/2023-Carbon-Taxes-in-Europe-FV3-300x259.png)
Carbon Taxes in Europe, 2023
In recent years, several countries have taken measures to reduce carbon emissions, including instituting environmental regulations, emissions trading systems, and carbon taxes. In 1990, Finland was the world’s first country to introduce a carbon tax.
4 min read![Italy income tax system Italy local income tax system marginal tax rates Economic impact of a digital services tax in Italy. Learn more about Italy web tax.](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Italy-Florence-e1574090250779-300x201.jpeg)
Why Italy’s Latest Windfall Profits Tax Is Still Bad Tax Policy
For many Italian banks, there hasn’t been a significant “windfall” to tax. The profit margins of Italian banks have been lower compared to other industries for the past two decades.
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Net Operating Loss Carryforward and Carryback Provisions in Europe, 2023
Carryover tax provisions help businesses “smooth” their risk and income, making the tax code more neutral across investments and over time.
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