Financial Transaction Taxes in Europe

Since the 2008 financial crisis, financial transaction taxA tax is a mandatory payment or charge collected by local, state, and national governments from individuals or businesses to cover the costs of general government services, goods, and activities. es (FTTs) have been debated as a potential instrument to address financial market instabilities and as a source for tax revenue. Today’s map shows which European OECD countries impose a type of FTT.

FTTs are levied on the trade in financial instruments such as stocks, bonds, or derivatives. Under an FTT, a percentage of the asset’s value is paid in taxes when it is traded. For example, if an investor sells an asset worth $1,000, they would be charged $1 on the transaction under a 0.1 percent FTT. FTTs usually apply only to select financial instruments and often have varying tax rates depending on the asset type.

Belgium, Finland, France, Ireland, Italy, Poland, Spain, Switzerland, Turkey, and the United Kingdom currently levy a type of financial transaction tax. Spain’s FTT came into effect in January.

The FTTs differ significantly across countries. For example, Switzerland levies a 0.15-0.30 percent stamp duty on the transfer of equities and bonds involving a Swiss securities dealer, while France implemented an FTT that taxes equity trades at 0.3 percent and high-frequency-trading at 0.01 percent.

European OECD Countries with a Financial Transaction Tax (FTT), as of January 2021

Country	Tax Rate
Belgium (BE)	0.12% – 1.32%
Finland (FI)	1.6% – 2.0%
France (FR)	0.01% – 0.30%
Ireland (IE)	1%
Italy (IT)	0.02% – 0.20%
Poland (PL)	1%
Spain (ES)	0.20%
Switzerland (CH)	0.15% – 0.30%
Turkey (TR)	0.0% – 1.0%
United Kingdom (GB)	0.5% – 1.5%
Sources: Bloomberg Tax, “Country Guides,” https://www.bloomberglaw.com/product/tax/toc_view_menu/3380; and PwC, “Worldwide Tax Summaries,” https://taxsummaries.pwc.com/.

In 2011, the European Union proposed an EU-wide FTT that would levy a 0.1 percent tax on the transfer of shares and bonds and a 0.01 percent tax on derivative contracts. However, negotiations came to a halt due to resistance from several EU member states, and an EU-wide policy has not been adopted.

Ten EU countries, including France, Germany, Italy, and Spain, are still interested in the common tax and negotiations on the design of that tax are ongoing.

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