![The Impact of High Inflation on Tax Revenues across Europe](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/AdobeStock_522977445-300x200.jpeg)
Providing journalists, taxpayers, and policymakers with basic data on taxes and spending is a cornerstone of Tax Foundation Europe’s educational mission.
As a nonpartisan, educational organization, the Tax Foundation has earned a reputation for independence and credibility.
Our policy team regularly provides accessible, data-driven insights from sources such as the European Commission, the Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD), and others.
Featured Data
![2024 Top Personal Income Tax Rates in Europe](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Europe_PIT_Top_Rates_24-300x259.png)
Top Personal Income Tax Rates in Europe, 2024
Denmark (55.9 percent), France (55.4 percent), and Austria (55 percent) have the highest top statutory personal income tax rates among European OECD countries.
3 min read![2024 VAT rates in Europe, including value-added tax or 2024 EU VAT rates data](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/VAT_Rates_24_updated_2-300x259.png)
VAT Rates in Europe, 2024
A few European countries have made changes to their VAT rates, including the Czech Republic, Estonia, Switzerland, and Turkey.
3 min read![2024 corporate tax rates in Europe and 2024 corporate income tax rates in Europe](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/CIT_Europe_24-300x259.png)
Corporate Income Tax Rates in Europe, 2024
Like most regions around the world, European countries have experienced a decline in corporate income tax rates over the past four decades, but the average corporate income tax rate has leveled off in recent years.
2 min read![Real Property Taxes in Europe as of 2023 Tax Foundation European OECD Data of Real Property Tax Rates in Europe](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Property_Taxes_2023-300x259.png)
Real Property Taxes in Europe
High property taxes levied not only on land but also on buildings and structures can discourage investment in infrastructure, which businesses would have to pay additional tax on.
2 min read![Tax Burden on Labor in Europe 2024 taxing wages tax wedge](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Tax-Burden-on-Labor-in-Europe-2024-taxing-wages-tax-wedge-300x274.png)
Tax Burden on Labor in Europe, 2024
To make the taxation of labor more efficient, policymakers should understand the inputs into the tax wedge, and taxpayers should understand how their tax burden funds government services.
4 min read![Carbon taxes in Europe 2024 data map](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/WzX9W-carbon-taxes-in-europe-252x300.png)
Carbon Taxes in Europe, 2024
23 European countries have implemented carbon taxes, ranging from less than €1 per metric ton of carbon emissions in Ukraine to more than €100 in Sweden, Liechtenstein, and Switzerland.
3 min readAll European Tax Data
![Dividend tax rate 2021 dividend tax rates in Europe Capital Gains and Dividend Taxes Europe rankings how dividend income is taxed](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Dividend-tax-rates-in-Europe-Dividend-tax-rate-and-rankings-European-OECD-countries-2021-300x290.png)
Dividend Tax Rates in Europe, 2021
2 min read![Top statutory personal income tax rates in Europe 2021](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Top-statutory-personal-income-tax-rates-in-Europe-2021-300x290.jpg)
Top Personal Income Tax Rates in Europe, 2021
Most countries’ personal income taxes have a progressive structure, meaning that the tax rate paid by individuals increases as they earn higher wages. The highest tax rate individuals pay differs significantly across Europe, with Denmark (55.9 percent), France (55.4 percent), and Austria (55 percent) having the highest top statutory personal income tax rates among European OECD countries.
3 min read![Estate taxes in Europe, Estate tax inheritance tax Gift taxes in Europe EU European Union 2021](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Estate-taxes-in-Europe-Estate-tax-inheritance-tax-Gift-taxes-in-Europe-EU-European-Union-2021-300x295.png)
Estate, Inheritance, and Gift Taxes in Europe, 2021
Estate tax is levied on the property of the deceased and is paid by the estate itself. Inheritance taxes, in contrast, are only levied on the value of assets transferred and are paid by the heirs. Gift taxes are levied when property is transferred by a living individual. The majority of European countries covered in today’s map currently levy estate, inheritance, or gift taxes.
3 min read![2021 capital gain tax rates in Europe 2021 capital gain taxes in Europe](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/2021-Capital-Gain-Tax-Rates-in-Europe-2021-Capital-Gain-Taxes-in-Europe-300x290.png)
Capital Gains Tax Rates in Europe, 2021
4 min read![Inventory Valuation Method in Europe 2021, First-in, First-out (FIFO); Last-in, First-out (LIFO);](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Inventory-Valuation-Method-in-Europe-2021-First-in-First-out-FIFO-Last-in-First-out-LIFO-300x289.png)
Inventory Valuation in Europe
The method by which a country allows businesses to account for inventories can significantly impact a business’s taxable income. When prices are rising, as is usually the case due to factors like inflation, LIFO is the preferred method because it allows inventory costs to be closer to true costs at the time of sale.
2 min read![2021 corporate tax rates in Europe, 2021 corporate income tax rates in Europe, 2021 corporate taxes in Europe, 2021 corporate tax rates in Europe](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Corporate-Income-Tax-Rates-in-Europe-2021-corporate-taxes-in-Europe-2021-corproate-tax-rates-in-Europe-corporate-tax-Europe-300x285.png)
Corporate Income Tax Rates in Europe, 2021
On average, European OECD countries currently levy a corporate income tax rate of 21.7 percent. This is below the worldwide average which, measured across 177 jurisdictions, was 23.9 percent in 2020.
2 min read![Bank Taxes in Europe 2021 Bank Tax, financial stability contributions, 2008 financial crisis tax](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Bank-Taxes-in-Europe-2021-Bank-Tax-financial-stability-contributions-2008-financial-crisis-tax-300x289.png)
Bank Taxes in Europe
Today’s map shows which European OECD countries implemented financial stability contributions (FSCs), commonly referred to as “bank taxes.”
2 min read![Property taxes in Europe 2021 reliance on property tax revenue in Europe, 2021 property tax rates in Europe](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Property-taxes-in-Europe-2021-reliance-on-property-tax-revenue-in-Europe-2021-property-tax-rates-in-Europe-300x285.jpg)
Reliance on Property Taxes in Europe
Property taxes are levied on the assets of an individual or business. There are different types of property taxes, with recurrent taxes on immovable property (such as property taxes on land and buildings) the only ones levied by all countries covered. Other types of property taxes include estate, inheritance, and gift taxes, net wealth taxes, and taxes on financial and capital transactions.
1 min read![Consumption taxes in Europe, reliance on consumption taxes in Europe, reliance on consumption tax revenue in Europe, taxes on goods and services in Europe](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Reliance-on-consumption-tax-revenue-in-europe-reliane-on-consumption-taxes-in-europe-2021-300x285.png)
Reliance on Consumption Taxes in Europe
Hungary relies the most on consumption tax revenue, at 45.3 percent of total tax revenue, followed by Latvia and Estonia at 45.1 percent and 42.4 percent, respectively.
2 min read![Reliance on social insurance taxes in Europe. Reliance on social insurance tax revenue in Europe 2021](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Reliance-on-Social-Insurance-Taxes-in-Europe.-Reliance-on-social-insurance-tax-revenue-in-Europe-300x285.png)
Reliance on Social Insurance Tax Revenue in Europe
Social insurance taxes are the second largest tax revenue source in European OECD countries, at an average of 29.5 percent of total tax revenue.
2 min read![Reliance on individual income tax revenue in Europe 2019](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Reliance-on-individual-income-tax-revenue-in-Europe-2019-300x285.png)
Reliance on Individual Income Tax Revenue in Europe
Denmark relies the most on revenue from individual income taxes, at 52.4 percent of total tax revenue, followed by Iceland and Ireland at 40.8 percent and 31.5 percent, respectively.
1 min read![Reliance on corporate tax revenue in Europe 2021 reliance on corporate income taxes in Europe how much do countries in europe rely on corporate income taxes? revenue from corporate income](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Reliance-on-corporate-tax-revenue-in-Europe-2021-reliance-on-corporate-income-taxes-in-Europe-how-much-do-countries-in-europe-rely-on-corporate-taxes-300x285.png)
Reliance on Corporate Income Tax Revenue in Europe
Despite declining corporate income tax rates over the last 30 years in Europe (and other parts of the world), average revenue from corporate income taxes as a share of total tax revenue has not changed significantly compared to 1990.
1 min read![2021 financial transaction taxes in Europe, 2021 financial transaction tax Europe. European OECD countries impose a type of FTT.](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/2021-Financial-Transaction-Taxes-in-Europe-FTT-01-300x285.png)
Financial Transaction Taxes in Europe
Belgium, Finland, France, Ireland, Italy, Poland, Spain, Switzerland, Turkey, and the United Kingdom currently levy a type of financial transaction tax
2 min read![Value-added taxes (VAT) make up approximately one-fifth of total tax revenues in Europe. Actionable VAT Policy Gap in Europe](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Value-added-taxes-VAT-make-up-approximately-one-fifth-of-total-tax-revenues-in-Europe.-Actionable-VAT-Policy-Gap-in-Europe-300x290.png)
Actionable VAT Policy Gap in Europe
Value-added taxes (VAT) make up approximately one-fifth of total tax revenues in Europe. However, European countries differ significantly in how efficiently they raise VAT revenues. One way to measure a country’s VAT efficiency is the VAT Gap.
3 min read![R&D tax incentives, Research and development tax incentives, R&D tax subsidies and R&D tax subsidy policies in Europe](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Tax-Subsidies-for-RD-Expenditures-in-Europe-RD-Tax-Subsidies-in-Europe-Research-and-Development-Tax-Subsidies-in-Europe-2021-01-300x290.png)
Tax Subsidies for R&D Expenditures in Europe, 2021
Many countries incentivize business investment in research and development (R&D), intending to foster innovation. A common approach is to provide direct government funding for R&D activity. However, a significant number of jurisdictions also offer R&D tax incentives.
4 min read![Integrated Tax Rates on Corporate Income in Europe, Top Integrated Tax Rates on Corporate Income Distributed as Dividends in European OECD Countries, 2020](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Integrated-Tax-Rates-on-Corporate-Income-in-Europe-300x290.png)
Integrated Tax Rates on Corporate Income in Europe
The integrated tax rate on corporate income reflects both the corporate income tax and the dividends or capital gains tax—the total tax levied on corporate income. For dividends, Ireland’s top integrated tax rate was highest among European OECD countries, followed by France and Denmark
3 min read![2021 Value-Added Tax Rates in Europe, 2021 VAT rates in Europe](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/2021-Value-Added-Tax-VAT-Rates.-2021-VAT-Rates-01-300x290.png)
VAT Rates in Europe, 2021
More than 140 countries worldwide—including all European countries—levy a Value-Added Tax (VAT) on goods and services.
4 min read![New Year's Eve taxes, Sparkling wine taxes in Europe](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Sparkling-Wine-taxes-in-Europe-2020-01-296x300.png)
Sparkling Wine Taxes in Europe
This week, people around the world will celebrate New Year’s Eve, with many opening a bottle of sparkling wine to wish farewell to—a rather consequential—2020 and offer a warm welcome to the—by many of us, long-awaited—new year 2021.
1 min read![Wealth taxes in Europe, 2020. European countries with a wealth tax, net wealth tax, wealth tax on selected assets](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Wealth-Taxes-in-Euorpe-2020-European-Countries-with-a-Wealth-Tax-300x289.png)
Wealth Taxes in Europe, 2020
Net wealth taxes are recurrent taxes on an individual’s wealth, net of debt. The concept of a net wealth tax is similar to a real property tax. But instead of only taxing real estate, it covers all wealth an individual owns. As today’s map shows, only three European countries covered levy a net wealth tax, namely Norway, Spain, and Switzerland. France and Italy levy wealth taxes on selected assets but not on an individual’s net wealth per se.
3 min read![Reduced Corporate Income Tax Rates for Small Businesses in Europe](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Reduced-CIT-rates-for-Small-Businesses-FV-300x296.png)
Reduced Corporate Income Tax Rates for Small Businesses in Europe
Corporate income taxes are commonly levied as a flat rate on business profits. However, some countries provide reduced corporate income tax rates for small businesses
2 min read