![The Impact of High Inflation on Tax Revenues across Europe](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/AdobeStock_522977445-300x200.jpeg)
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Our policy team regularly provides accessible, data-driven insights from sources such as the European Commission, the Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD), and others.
Featured Data
![2024 Top Personal Income Tax Rates in Europe](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Europe_PIT_Top_Rates_24-300x259.png)
Top Personal Income Tax Rates in Europe, 2024
Denmark (55.9 percent), France (55.4 percent), and Austria (55 percent) have the highest top statutory personal income tax rates among European OECD countries.
3 min read![2024 VAT rates in Europe, including value-added tax or 2024 EU VAT rates data](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/VAT_Rates_24_updated_2-300x259.png)
VAT Rates in Europe, 2024
A few European countries have made changes to their VAT rates, including the Czech Republic, Estonia, Switzerland, and Turkey.
3 min read![2024 corporate tax rates in Europe and 2024 corporate income tax rates in Europe](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/CIT_Europe_24-300x259.png)
Corporate Income Tax Rates in Europe, 2024
Like most regions around the world, European countries have experienced a decline in corporate income tax rates over the past four decades, but the average corporate income tax rate has leveled off in recent years.
2 min read![Real Property Taxes in Europe as of 2023 Tax Foundation European OECD Data of Real Property Tax Rates in Europe](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Property_Taxes_2023-300x259.png)
Real Property Taxes in Europe
High property taxes levied not only on land but also on buildings and structures can discourage investment in infrastructure, which businesses would have to pay additional tax on.
2 min read![Tax Burden on Labor in Europe 2024 taxing wages tax wedge](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Tax-Burden-on-Labor-in-Europe-2024-taxing-wages-tax-wedge-300x274.png)
Tax Burden on Labor in Europe, 2024
To make the taxation of labor more efficient, policymakers should understand the inputs into the tax wedge, and taxpayers should understand how their tax burden funds government services.
4 min read![Carbon taxes in Europe 2024 data map](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/WzX9W-carbon-taxes-in-europe-252x300.png)
Carbon Taxes in Europe, 2024
23 European countries have implemented carbon taxes, ranging from less than €1 per metric ton of carbon emissions in Ukraine to more than €100 in Sweden, Liechtenstein, and Switzerland.
3 min readAll European Tax Data
![2023 carbon tax rates in Europe and other information related to carbon taxes in Europe](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/2023-Carbon-Taxes-in-Europe-FV3-300x259.png)
Carbon Taxes in Europe, 2023
In recent years, several countries have taken measures to reduce carbon emissions, including instituting environmental regulations, emissions trading systems, and carbon taxes. In 1990, Finland was the world’s first country to introduce a carbon tax.
4 min read![](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/NOL_2023-02-300x259.png)
Net Operating Loss Carryforward and Carryback Provisions in Europe, 2023
Carryover tax provisions help businesses “smooth” their risk and income, making the tax code more neutral across investments and over time.
3 min read![](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Patent_Box_2023-285x300.png)
Patent Box Regimes in Europe, 2023
The aim of patent boxes is generally to encourage and attract local research and development (R&D) and to incentivize businesses to locate IP in the country. However, patent boxes can introduce another level of complexity to a tax system, and some recent research questions whether patent boxes are actually effective in driving innovation.
3 min read![](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/Capital-allowances-in-Europe-and-OECD-capital-cost-recovery-2023-290x300.png)
Capital Allowances in Europe, 2023
Capital allowances play an important role in a country’s corporate tax base and can impact investment decisions—with far-reaching economic consequences.
4 min read![Diesel and gas taxes in Europe 2023 fuel tax rates including diesel taxes and gas taxes in Europe](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/EU_Gas_2023-295x300.png)
Diesel and Gas Taxes in Europe
As the EU pursues massive changes in public policy as part of its green transition, expect fuel taxes to be central to any policy discussions.
4 min read![Windfall Profits Taxes in Europe, August 2023](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/WindfallTaxes_Aug23-300x259.png)
What European Countries Are Doing about Windfall Profit Taxes
It’s unlikely these implemented and proposed windfall taxes will achieve their goals of raising additional revenues without distorting the market. Instead, they would penalize domestic production and punitively target certain industries without a sound tax base.
13 min read![Integrated Tax Rates on Corporate Income in Europe 2023 corporate integration Europe](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/Corp_Integration_2023-300x290.png)
Integrated Tax Rates on Corporate Income in Europe
In most European OECD countries, corporate income is taxed twice, once at the entity level and once at the shareholder level.
3 min read![](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/TaxBurdenOnLabor2023-300x290.png)
Tax Burden on Labor in Europe, 2023
To make the taxation of labor more efficient, policymakers should understand the inputs into the tax wedge, and taxpayers should understand how their tax burden funds government services.
4 min read![New wealth taxes in Europe 2023 European countries with a new wealth tax](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Wealth_Tax_Euorpe_2023-300x289.png)
Wealth Taxes in Europe, 2023
Instead of reforming and hiking the wealth tax, perhaps policymakers should consider whether the tax is serving its intended objectives, and, if not, consider repealing the tax altogether.
4 min read![Estate taxes, inheritance taxes, and gift taxes in Europe 2023](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/Estate-Inheritance-2023-300x295.png)
Estate, Inheritance, and Gift Taxes in Europe, 2023
As tempting as inheritance, estate, and gift taxes might look—especially when the OECD notes them as a way to reduce wealth inequality—their limited capacity to collect revenue and their negative impact on entrepreneurial activity, saving, and work should make policymakers consider their repeal instead of boosting them.
3 min read![Tax Subsidies for R&D Expenditures in Europe including R&D tax incentives](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/Tax-Subsidies-for-RD-Expenditures-in-Europe-2023-300x290.png)
Tax Subsidies for R&D Expenditures in Europe, 2023
Many countries incentivize business investment in research and development (R&D), intending to foster innovation. A common approach is to provide direct government funding for R&D activity. However, a significant number of jurisdictions also offers R&D tax incentives.
3 min read![2022 dividend tax rates Europe dividend income tax rates](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Dividend_2023-300x290.png)
Dividend Tax Rates in Europe, 2023
In many countries, corporate profits are subject to two layers of taxation: the corporate income tax at the entity level when the corporation earns income, and the dividend tax or capital gains tax at the individual level when that income is passed to its shareholders as either dividends or capital gains.
3 min read![](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/CAP_Gains_2023-300x290.png)
Capital Gains Tax Rates in Europe, 2023
In many countries, investment income, such as dividends and capital gains, is taxed at a different rate than wage income. Denmark levies the highest top capital gains tax of all countries covered, at a rate of 42 percent. Norway levies the second-highest top capital gains tax at 37.8 percent. Finland and France follow, at 34 percent each.
4 min read![Top Personal Income Tax Rates in Europe 2023 Income Tax Rates or Individual Income Tax Rates](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Top-Personal-Income-Tax-Rates-in-Europe-2023-Income-Tax-Rates-or-Individual-Income-Tax-Rates-300x290.png)
Top Personal Income Tax Rates in Europe, 2023
Denmark (55.9 percent), France (55.4 percent), and Austria (55 percent) have the highest top statutory personal income tax rates among European OECD countries.
2 min read![2023 corporate tax rates in Europe compare corporate income tax rates in Europe Corporate tax rates Europe](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Euro_CIT_2023-300x290.png)
Corporate Income Tax Rates in Europe, 2023
Taking into account central and subcentral taxes, Portugal has the highest corporate tax rate in Europe at 31.5 percent, followed by Germany and Italy at 29.8 percent and 27.8 percent, respectively
2 min read![2023 VAT rates in Europe, 2023 VAT rates by country, 2023 value-added tax rates in Europe and 2023 value-added tax rates by country](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/VAT_Rates_2023-300x290.png)
VAT Rates in Europe, 2023
The EU countries with the highest standard VAT rates are Hungary (27 percent), Croatia, Denmark, and Sweden (all at 25 percent). Luxembourg levies the lowest standard VAT rate at 16 percent, followed by Malta (18 percent), Cyprus, Germany, and Romania (all at 19 percent).
4 min read![Actionable VAT Policy Gap in Europe including VAT gap and VAT revenue potential in Europe](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/Actionable-VAT-Policy-Gap-in-Europe-including-VAT-gap-and-VAT-revenue-potential-in-Europe-300x290.png)
Actionable VAT Policy Gap in Europe
Value-added taxes (VAT) make up approximately one-fifth of total tax revenues in Europe. However, European countries differ significantly in how efficiently they raise VAT revenues. One way to measure a country’s VAT efficiency is the VAT Gap.
3 min read![Comparing income tax systems in Europe best and worst personal income taxes Europe 2022](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Comparing-income-tax-systems-in-Europe-best-and-worst-personal-income-taxes-Europe-2022-300x289.jpg)
Comparing Europe’s Tax Systems: Individual Taxes
France’s individual income tax system is the least competitive among OECD countries. France’s top marginal tax rate of 45.9 percent is applied at 14.7 times the average national income. Additionally, a 9.7 surtax is applied to those at the upper end of the income distribution. Capital gains and dividends are both taxed at comparably high top rates of 34 percent.
2 min read![Comparing corporate tax systems in Europe 2022 worst corporate tax systems in Europe](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/2022-ITCI-Corporate-Rankings-2-300x289.jpg)
Comparing Europe’s Tax Systems: Corporate Taxes
According to the corporate tax component of the 2022 International Tax Competitiveness Index, Latvia and Estonia have the best corporate tax systems in the OECD.
3 min read![Windfall tax Europe 2023 windfall profits taxes in EU windfall tax What European Countries Are Doing about Windfall Profit Taxes and Windfall Tax policies in Europe Bloomberg Tax](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/windfallProfitTaxes-300x290.png)
What European Countries Are Doing about Windfall Profit Taxes
It’s unlikely these implemented and proposed windfall taxes will achieve their goals of addressing high gas and energy prices and raising additional revenues. They would more likely raise prices, penalize domestic production, and punitively target certain industries without a sound tax base.
9 min read