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Gas Taxes in Europe
3 min read![2021 beer taxes in europe. Beer excise tax rates in Europe. Compare tax on beer in Germany with tax on beer in Ireland on International Beer Day 2021](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/2021-beer-taxes-in-europe.-Beer-excise-tax-rates-in-Europe.-Compare-tax-on-beer-in-Germany-with-tax-on-beer-in-Ireland-on-International-Beer-Day-2021-294x300.png)
Beer Taxes in Europe
Finland has the highest excise tax on beer in Europe, followed by Ireland and the United Kingdom. Compare beer taxes in Europe this International Beer Day
2 min read![Territorial tax systems in Europe 2021 exemption of foreign-sourced dividend and capital gains income from domestic taxation in Europe](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Territorial-tax-systems-in-Europe-2021-exemption-of-foreign-sourced-dividend-and-capital-gains-income-from-domestic-taxation-in-Europe-300x294.png)
Territoriality of Tax Systems in Europe
19 European OECD countries employ a fully territorial tax system, exempting all foreign-sourced dividend and capital gains income from domestic taxation. No European OECD country operates a worldwide tax system.
3 min read![2021 Thin-Cap rules, 2021 thin-capitalization rules in Europe to discourage international debt shifting](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/2021-Thin-Cap-rules-2021-thin-capitalization-rules-in-Europe-to-discourage-international-debt-shifting-298x300.png)
Thin-Cap Rules in Europe
To discourage this form of international debt shifting, many countries have implemented so-called thin-capitalization rules (thin-cap rules), which limit the amount of interest a multinational business can deduct for tax purposes.
5 min read![Controlled Foreign Corporation CFC Rules in Europe base erosion and profit shifting 2021](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Controlled-Foreign-Corporation-CFC-Rules-in-Europe-base-erosion-and-profit-shifting-2021-300x290.png)
CFC Rules in Europe
To prevent businesses from minimizing their tax liability by taking advantage of cross-country differences, countries have implemented various anti-tax avoidance measures, such as the so-called Controlled Foreign Corporation (CFC) rules.
5 min read![VAT Exemption Thresholds in Europe 2021](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/VAT-Exemption-Thresholds-in-Europe-2021-300x290.png)
VAT Exemption Thresholds in Europe
To reduce tax compliance and administrative costs, most countries have VAT exemption thresholds: If a business is below a certain annual revenue threshold, it is not required to participate in the VAT system.
2 min read![2021 NOL Carryforward Policies in Europe](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/NOL-Carryforward-2021-295x300.png)
Net Operating Loss Carryforward and Carryback Provisions in Europe, 2021
Many companies have investment projects with different risk profiles and operate in industries that fluctuate greatly with the business cycle. Carryover provisions help businesses “smooth” their risk and income, making the tax code more neutral across investments and over time.
7 min read![value added tax bases in Europe VAT bases in Europe 2021 vat revenue ratio rate on final consumption](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/value-added-tax-bases-in-Europe-VAT-bases-in-Europe-2021-vat-revenue-ratio-rate-on-final-consumption-300x290.png)
VAT Bases in Europe
As economic activity resumes and the task of accounting for the deficits incurred in navigating the crisis of the past year becomes the focus of fiscal policy deliberations, a greater reliance on VAT could be an important tool in ensuring fiscal stability going forward. Countries should use this as an opportunity to improve VAT systems by re-examining carveouts in the form of exemptions and reduced rates.
2 min read![Reduced Corporate Income Tax Rates for Small Businesses in Europe 2021](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Reduced-Corporate-Income-Tax-Rates-for-Small-Businesses-in-Europe-2021-300x296.png)
Reduced Corporate Income Tax Rates for Small Businesses in Europe
Corporate income taxes are commonly levied as a flat rate on business profits. However, some countries provide reduced corporate income tax rates for small businesses. Out of 27 European OECD countries covered in today’s map, eight levy a reduced corporate tax rate on businesses that have revenues or profits below a certain threshold.
3 min read![2021 Carbon Taxes in Europe Which European Countries have a carbon European Countries have a carbon tax Sweden](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/2021-Carbon-Taxes-in-Europe-Which-European-Countries-have-a-carbon-European-Countries-have-a-carbon-tax-Sweden-300x290.png)
Carbon Taxes in Europe, 2021
In recent years, several countries have taken measures to reduce carbon emissions, including instituting environmental regulations, emissions trading systems (ETS), and carbon taxes.
2 min read![Tax Relief for Families in Europe 2021 countries provide tax relief for families vs single worker without children](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Tax-Relief-for-Families-in-Europe-2021-countries-provide-tax-relief-for-families-vs-single-worker-without-children-300x290.png)
Tax Relief for Families in Europe
Most countries provide tax relief to families with children—typically through targeted tax breaks that lower income taxes. While all European OECD countries provide tax relief for families, its extent varies substantially across countries.
2 min read![Dividend tax rate 2021 dividend tax rates in Europe Capital Gains and Dividend Taxes Europe rankings how dividend income is taxed](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Dividend-tax-rates-in-Europe-Dividend-tax-rate-and-rankings-European-OECD-countries-2021-300x290.png)
Dividend Tax Rates in Europe, 2021
2 min read![Top statutory personal income tax rates in Europe 2021](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Top-statutory-personal-income-tax-rates-in-Europe-2021-300x290.jpg)
Top Personal Income Tax Rates in Europe, 2021
Most countries’ personal income taxes have a progressive structure, meaning that the tax rate paid by individuals increases as they earn higher wages. The highest tax rate individuals pay differs significantly across Europe, with Denmark (55.9 percent), France (55.4 percent), and Austria (55 percent) having the highest top statutory personal income tax rates among European OECD countries.
3 min read![Estate taxes in Europe, Estate tax inheritance tax Gift taxes in Europe EU European Union 2021](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Estate-taxes-in-Europe-Estate-tax-inheritance-tax-Gift-taxes-in-Europe-EU-European-Union-2021-300x295.png)
Estate, Inheritance, and Gift Taxes in Europe, 2021
Estate tax is levied on the property of the deceased and is paid by the estate itself. Inheritance taxes, in contrast, are only levied on the value of assets transferred and are paid by the heirs. Gift taxes are levied when property is transferred by a living individual. The majority of European countries covered in today’s map currently levy estate, inheritance, or gift taxes.
3 min read![2021 capital gain tax rates in Europe 2021 capital gain taxes in Europe](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/2021-Capital-Gain-Tax-Rates-in-Europe-2021-Capital-Gain-Taxes-in-Europe-300x290.png)
Capital Gains Tax Rates in Europe, 2021
4 min read![Inventory Valuation Method in Europe 2021, First-in, First-out (FIFO); Last-in, First-out (LIFO);](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Inventory-Valuation-Method-in-Europe-2021-First-in-First-out-FIFO-Last-in-First-out-LIFO-300x289.png)
Inventory Valuation in Europe
The method by which a country allows businesses to account for inventories can significantly impact a business’s taxable income. When prices are rising, as is usually the case due to factors like inflation, LIFO is the preferred method because it allows inventory costs to be closer to true costs at the time of sale.
2 min read![2021 corporate tax rates in Europe, 2021 corporate income tax rates in Europe, 2021 corporate taxes in Europe, 2021 corporate tax rates in Europe](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Corporate-Income-Tax-Rates-in-Europe-2021-corporate-taxes-in-Europe-2021-corproate-tax-rates-in-Europe-corporate-tax-Europe-300x285.png)
Corporate Income Tax Rates in Europe, 2021
On average, European OECD countries currently levy a corporate income tax rate of 21.7 percent. This is below the worldwide average which, measured across 177 jurisdictions, was 23.9 percent in 2020.
2 min read![UK tax reform, 2021 budget UK 2021 budget, UK corporate tax reform, UK corporation tax rate](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/uk-london-united-kingdom-300x200.jpg)
Marginal Effective Tax Rates and the 2021 UK Budget
The 2021 UK budget introduces a two-year super-deduction of 130 percent for plant and equipment and a delayed corporate tax rate increase from 19 percent to 25 percent in 2023. These policies have differential impacts on marginal effective tax rates for different assets, implying investment incentives will not be uniform.
15 min read![Bank Taxes in Europe 2021 Bank Tax, financial stability contributions, 2008 financial crisis tax](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Bank-Taxes-in-Europe-2021-Bank-Tax-financial-stability-contributions-2008-financial-crisis-tax-300x289.png)
Bank Taxes in Europe
Today’s map shows which European OECD countries implemented financial stability contributions (FSCs), commonly referred to as “bank taxes.”
2 min read![Property taxes in Europe 2021 reliance on property tax revenue in Europe, 2021 property tax rates in Europe](https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Property-taxes-in-Europe-2021-reliance-on-property-tax-revenue-in-Europe-2021-property-tax-rates-in-Europe-300x285.jpg)
Reliance on Property Taxes in Europe
Property taxes are levied on the assets of an individual or business. There are different types of property taxes, with recurrent taxes on immovable property (such as property taxes on land and buildings) the only ones levied by all countries covered. Other types of property taxes include estate, inheritance, and gift taxes, net wealth taxes, and taxes on financial and capital transactions.
1 min read